We have estimated monthly values of the J2 and J3 Earth gravitational coefficients using LAGEOS satellite laser ranging (SLR) data collected between 1980 and 1989. For the same time period, we have also computed corresponding estimates of the variations in these coefficients caused by atmospheric mass redistribution using surface atmospheric pressure estimates t3⁄4om the European Center for Med...

Based on straightforward dynamical considerations, we show how available and upcoming measurements of Saturn’s thermal and gravitational signals can be used to constrain the depth to which its zonal winds penetrate. The dynamical considerations issue from the facts that Saturn has a strong intrinsic heat flux, rotates rapidly, and has negligible atmospheric viscosity. As a result, convective mo...

High-power laser radiation with frequency u>i and wave vector ktz propagating through a plasma at an angle to a density ripple (0, fco) produces current and density perturbation at (u>i ,ki + ko). The density perturbation couples with the oscillatory velocity at (wi, fci) to produce nonlinear current at [2^'1.(2 A-1 + k0)] driving second-harmonic electromagnetic radiation. For a specific value ...

We report the first direct observation of an interfacial charge-transfer complex using second-harmonic spectroscopy. The second-harmonic spectrum of catechol adsorbed on 0.4 micron-sized TiO2 (anatase) colloidal particles in aqueous suspension reveals a charge-transfer band centered at 2.72 eV (456 nm). In addition, the adsorption isotherm of catechol on the colloidal TiO2 suspension was obtain...