T he concept of AIDS as a zoonosis stems from studies that traced HIV origins to two simian species in West and Central Africa—an idea that was reinforced by reports in highprofile journals. Although the simian origin of HIV and other human retroviruses such as human T cell leukemia virus and human foamy viruses is not in dispute, the hypothesis that simian retroviral infections are zoonoses is...

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during a long term of road survey for detection of the zoonotic helminthes in carnivores, a male vulpes vulpes was naturally found infected by dioctophyme renale in caspian sea littoral in iran. since the parasite transmission usually occurs through consumption of fish and other accidental food items, investigation of the worm amongst fish-eating animals in the areas with potential circulation ...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for large waterborne epidemics of acute hepatitis in endemic regions and for sporadic autochthonous cases in non endemic regions. Although the water vector has been thoroughly documented in endemic regions, very little is known about the modes of contamination occurring in non endemic regions. Unlike the other hepatitis viruses, HEV has an animal reservoir...

CASE A 20-year-old primigravida, who was in the 39th week of gestation, was admitted to the maternity ward in labour. She had been well throughout pregnancy and her antenatal foetal ultrasound scans had shown a normal developing foetus. The amniotic membranes ruptured spontaneously and the liquor was clear. However 15 h following membrane rupture she was still in the first stage of labour. She ...

Global surveillance and advances in vaccine technology are essential to answer the threat of influenza pandemics http://ow.ly/Yt3e4.