OBJECTIVE To evaluate the craniofacial asymmetry in adults with neglected congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) by quantitative assessment based on craniofacial three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). METHODS Preoperative craniofacial asymmetry was measured by 3D-CT for 31 CMT subjects ≥18 years of age who visited a tertiary medical center and underwent 3D-CT between January 2009 and D...

BACKGROUND Zygoma is a major buttress of the midfacial skeleton, which is frequently injured because of its prominent location. Zygoma fractures are classified according to Knight and North based on the direction of anatomic displacement and the pattern created by the fracture. In zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture many incisions (lateral eyebrow, lateral upper blepharoplasty, transconj...

Many investigators have detailed the soft tissue anatomy of the face. Despite the broad reference base, confusion remains about the consistent nature of the fascial anatomy of the craniofacial soft tissue envelope in relation to the muscular, neurovascular and specialised structures. This confusion is compounded by the lack of consistent terminology. This study presents a coherent account of th...

The evolution of the feeding apparatus is described from Dimetrodon (a primitive mammal-like reptile representing a pretherapsid stage of evolution) through theriodont therapsids (moderately and fully advanced carnivorous mammal-like reptiles from which mammals were ultimately derived). Osteological changes are analyzed in terms of modifications in the adductor jaw musculature. In Dimetrodon, v...

the infratemporal fossa is an anatomic space of great importance in the head.abscesses of this space re rare but potentially life threatening. regarding the proximity of some important anatomical features of the head, dealing with infratemporal space infection needs great consideration both in examination and surgical practice.in  this  case  report,  infratempora  space  abscess  formation  fo...

Figure 1. The temporal division of the facial nerve (arrowheads) is seen having an abnormal course over the zygomatic arch (arrows) beneath the elevated skin (a) and SMAS (b). DESCRIPTION A middle-aged woman was undergoing elective rhytidectomy by the senior author using a high superficial musculoaponeurotic (high-SMAS) approach deep plane facelift. After

this study investigates skull variation in persian jird, meriones persicus (blanford, 1875) in relation to the geoclimatical conditions across its distribution range. the pattern of correlations between geoclimatical variables and geometric shape descriptors for 221 ventral crania was studied by landmark-based geometric morphometric techniques. the covariation between shape and geoclimatical va...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate current treatment of zygomatic fractures presenting at a level I trauma center. METHODS Radiology records over a 1-year period were retrospectively reviewed to determine all patients diagnosed with fractures through the zygoma. A total of 1049 computed tomography maxillofacial scans were reviewed which identified 243 patients with fractures thr...

Intraosseous hemangiomas are benign vascular malformations which are extremely rare in the maxilla, but have been reported in the mandible, zygoma and orbital region. A 12 years old female presented to the oral and maxillofacial department with an ectopically positioned upper left canine in her zygomatic bone and buccal alveolar expansion between the upper left lateral incisor and upper left fi...