the evolution of biota had been tightly linked with formation of atmospheric di-oxygen (o2).since the shift from anaerobic to aerobic life results in reprogramming gene expression through the regulatory interactions between transcription factors and their target sequences, the anaerobic responsive elements (ares). the purpose of this study is to consider ares; the most frequent and divergent mo...

Chinese brake fern Pteris vittata hyperaccumulates arsenic in its fronds. In a study to identify brake fern cDNAs in arsenic resistance, we implicated a glutaredoxin, PvGRX5, because when expressed in Escherichia coli, it improved arsenic tolerance in recombinant bacteria. Here, we asked whether PvGRX5 transgenic expression would alter plant arsenic tolerance and metabolism. Two lines of Arabid...

Abstract Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) is widespread throughout the plant kingdom and controls many aspects of life. Current studies on regulatory mechanism underlying RALF function mainly focus Arabidopsis, but little known about role in crop plants. Here, we systematically comprehensively analyzed relation between family genes from five important crops those model Arabidopsis thaliana . ...

ion in Rationale Models. The design goal of KBSA-ADM was to offer a coherent series of rationale models based on results of the REMAP project (Ramesh and Dhar 1992) for maintaining rationale at different levels of detail. Figure 19: Simple Rationale Model The model sketched in Figure 19 is used for capturing rationale at a simple level of detail. It links an OBJECT with its RATIONALE. The model...

Bismuth (Bi) is used in semiconductors and water pipes as a substitute for lead. The Bi concentration the soil has not been investigated, there no environmental quality standard Japan. We previously reported accumulation phytotoxicity Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) Solanum lycopersicum, which were presented that disturb iron (Fe) homeostasis both plants. However, mechan...

Arabidopsis thaliana is one of the most intensively studied plant species. More recently, information is accumulating about its closest relatives, the former genus Cardaminopsis. A. thaliana diverged from these relatives, actually treated within three major lineages (Arabidopsis lyrata, Arabidopsis halleri, and Arabidopsis arenosa), approximately 5 mya. Significant karyotype evolution in A. tha...

ABSTRACT The differentiation of distinct cell types in appropriate patterns is a fundamental process the development multicellular organisms. In Arabidopsis thaliana, protoderm/epidermis differentiates as single layer at outermost position. However, little known about molecular nature positional signals that achieve correct epidermal differentiation. Here, we propose very-long-chain fatty acid-...