Combining the advantages of layered manufacturing and material removal processes, additive/subtractive solid freeform fabrication (A/S SFF) can build parts with complex shapes without compromising precision requirements. However, preparing material removal operations requires special expertise, which has in fact become one of the bottlenecks of the A/S SFF manufacturing process. To achieve auto...

This study was designed to gain additional insight into the mechanism of the slow force response (SFR) to stretch of cardiac muscle. SFR and changes in intracellular Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](i)) were assessed in cat papillary muscles stretched from 92% to approximately 98% of L(max). The SFR was 120+/-0.6% (n=5) of the rapid initial phase and coincided with an increase in [Na(+)](i). The SF...

In nature, objects have partially weak texture and their shape reconstruction using focus based passive methods like shape from focus (SFF), is difficult. This article presents a new SFF algorithm which can compute precise depth of dense as well as weak textured objects. Segmentation is applied to discard wrong depth estimate and then later interpolating them from accurate depth values of their...

Based on recent work on spectral decomposition of the emission of star-forming galaxies, we assess whether the integrated 2-10 keV emission from high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), L 2−10 , can be used as a reliable estimator of ongoing star formation rate (SFR). Using a sample of 46 local (z∼ 0.1) star-forming galaxies, and spectral modeling of ASCA, BeppoSAX, and XMM-Newton data, we demonstrate...

This study was designed to gain additional insight into the mechanism of the slow force response (SFR) to stretch of cardiac muscle. SFR and changes in intracellular Na concentration ([Na]i) were assessed in cat papillary muscles stretched from 92% to '98% of Lmax. The SFR was 12060.6% (n55) of the rapid initial phase and coincided with an increase in [Na]i. The SFR was markedly depressed by Na...

background retrograde intra-renal surgery (rirs) has been used to remove stones of less than 2 cm in the kidney. however, its role is not well defined. objectives the objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and safety of rirs, used either as a primary or secondary procedure, and to analyze factors predicting the stonefree rate (sfr). patients and methods a retrospective analysis wa...

We analyze star formation (SF) as a function of stellar mass (M⋆) and redshift z in the All Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS). For 2905 field galaxies, complete to 10(10)M⊙ at z < 0.7(1), with Keck spectroscopic redshifts out to z = 1.1, we compile SF rates (SFR) from emission lines, GALEX, and Spitzer MIPS 24μm photometry, optical-NIR M⋆ measurements, and HST morphol...

The consequences are explored of an observationally established relationship of the star formation rate (SFR) of star-forming galaxies with their stellar mass (M) and cosmic time (t), such that SFR ∝ M t−2.5. It is shown that small systematic differences in SFR dramatically amplify in the course of time: galaxies with above-average SFR run into quasi-exponential mass and SFR growth, while galax...

While the high-z frontier of star formation rate (SFR) studies has advanced rapidly, direct measurements beyond z ∼ 4 remain difficult, as shown by significant disagreements among different results. Gamma-ray bursts, owing to their brightness and association with massive stars, offer hope of clarifying this situation, provided that the GRB rate can be properly related to the SFR. The Swift GRB ...

This study linked the chemical potential change to high specific filtration resistance (SFR) of gel layer, and then proposed a novel membrane fouling mechanism regarding gel layer filtration, namely, Flory-Huggins based filtration mechanism. A mathematical model for this mechanism was theoretically deduced. Agar was used as a model polymer for gel formation. Simulation of the mathematical model...