Accumulating evidence indicates that the Cbl protein plays a negative role in immune receptor signaling; however, the mode of Cbl action in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling still remains unclear. DT40 B cells deficient in Cbl showed enhanced BCR-mediated phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma2 activation, thereby leading to increased apoptosis. A possible explanation for the involvement of Cbl in PLC-gamma...

Surface IgM (sIgM) stimulation induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular substrates, including phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma 2, which is involved in the activation of phosphatidylinositol pathway. DT40 B cells underwent apoptotic cell death when activated through sIgM, a phenomenon that is related to elimination of self-reactive B cells. To examine the roles of PLC-gamma 2 in sIgM...

Rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons express low-threshold noninactivating M-type potassium channels (I(K(M))), which can be inhibited by activation of M(1) muscarinic receptors (M(1) mAChR) and bradykinin (BK) B(2) receptors. Inhibition by the M(1) mAChR agonist oxotremorine methiodide (Oxo-M) is mediated, at least in part, by the pertussis toxin-insensitive G-protein Galpha(q) (Caulfi...

Phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) was treated with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease (V8) and the digestion products were analysed with site-specific antibodies. V8 treatment generated three immunodetectable PLC-gamma 1 fragments of 120, 97, and 39 kDa. The 39 kDa fragment is derived from the C-terminus of PLC-gamma 1 and includes the conserved Y domain present in all PLC isoenzymes. The 12...

Two chitinases, designated PLC-A and PLC-B, were purified from the leayes of pokeweed (Pltytolacea americana) using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, hydrephobic column chromatography, and ion-exchange FPLC. PLC-A and PLC-B are acidic and basic proteins haying molecular masses of 2S and 29 kDa, and isoelectric points of 3.7 and 9.5, respectiyely. ...

Rats can learn to forage among olfactory cues to associate one with reward in only 3 massed trials. The learning is achieved in less than 10 min and results in a memory trace lasting at least 1wk week. To study the neuro-anatomical circuits involved in the memory formation we used immunoreactivity to the immediate early gene c-fos as a marker for neuronal activity induced by the learning. The p...

Phospholipase C-ε (PLC-ε) is a unique PLC isoform that can be regulated by multiple signaling inputs from both Ras family GTPases and heterotrimeric G proteins and has primary sites of expression in the heart and lung. Whereas the role of PLC-ε in cardiac function and pathology has been documented, its relevance in acute lung injury (ALI) is unclear. We used PLC-ε(-/-) mice to address the role ...

Surface IgM (slgM) stimulation induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular substrates, including phospholipase C (PLC)-'~/2, which is involved in the activation ofphosphatidyhnositol pathway. DT40 B cells underwent apoptotic cell death when activated through slgM, a phenomenon that is related to elimination of self-reactive B cells. To examine the roles of PLC-~/2 in slgM signalin...

20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a bioactive compound extracted from ginseng, possesses cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiestrogenic, anticancer and anxiolytic effects. However, the clinical application of PPD is limited by its weak aqueous solubility. In this study, we optimized an efficient method of preparing its phospholipid complex (PPD-PLC) using a central composite de...

We investigated the effect of transfection with connexin (Cx) 26 gene on the malignant potential of PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells, observing changes in their morphological features, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro, and their tumor growth in vivo. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that 10.6% of PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells transfected...