We report a method of photo-cross-linking proteins in mammalian cells, which is based on site-specific incorporation of a photoreactive amino acid, p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (pBpa), through the use of an expanded genetic code. To analyze the cell signaling interactions involving the adaptor protein Grb2, pBpa was incorporated in its Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. The human GRB2 gene with an amber...

leg ulcers. Prevalence data describing the etiology of at least one foot ulcer among the 20.8 million Americans who have diabetes has been estimated to be between 12.7%-15%. Further, in the United States, approximately 60% of all lower extremity amputations occur among persons with diabetes; of these lower extremity amputations, a foot ulcer preceded the resulting amputation by 85%. Continued o...

Traditional systems of medicine, also known as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), have been in practice in Southeast Asia since time immemorial. These systems, which originated in India (Ayurveda), China [herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage (tui na), exercise (qigong)] and Greece Persia (Unani system) are still prevalent worldwide, along with other forms, including Tibetan medicine...

Introduction: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a curable and partially preventable complication, with a substantial incidence, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to find out the incidence of CTEPH secondary to acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) using non-invasive procedures such as ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy and p...

Food synergy is the concept that the non-random mixture of food constituents operates in concert for the life of the organism eaten and presumably for the life of the eater. Isolated nutrients have been extensively studied in well-designed, long-term, large randomised clinical trials, typically with null and sometimes with harmful effects. Therefore, although nutrient deficiency is a known phen...

Tendon attaches to bone across a specialized tissue called the enthesis. This tissue modulates the transfer of muscle forces between two materials, i.e. tendon and bone, with vastly different mechanical properties. The enthesis for many tendons consists of a mineralized graded fibrocartilage that develops postnatally, concurrent with epiphyseal mineralization. Although it is well described that...

6. Suppose X is a metric space, let BX be the σ-algebra generated by the open sets of X, we call BX the Borel σ-algebra and its elements Borel sets. 7. A countable intersection of open sets is called a Gδ set ; a countable union of closed sets is called an Fσ set . 8. We call a collection of subsets of X an elementary family if (i) ∅ ∈ E ; (ii) if E,F ∈ E , then E ∩ F ∈ E ; and (iii) if E ∈ E ,...

The effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine enantiomers was examined in healthy subjects who received fexofenadine alone or with single or multiple doses of rifampicin (600 mg). A single coadministered dose of rifampicin significantly decreased the oral clearance (CLtot/F) and renal clearance (CLr) of Sand R-fexofenadine by 76 and 62%, and 73 and 62%, respectively. Even aft...