The 3 km Dark Target (DT) aerosol optical depth (AOD) products, 10 km DT and Deep Blue (DB) AOD products from the Collection 6 (C6) product data of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are compared with Sun-sky Radiometer Network (SONET) measurements at Song Mountain in central China, where ground-based remote sensing measurements of aerosol properties are still very limited. T...

People have a deep intuition about what has been called the “nature–nurture question.” Some aspects of our behavior feel as though they originate in our genetic makeup, while others feel like the result of our upbringing or our own hard work. The scientific field of behavior genetics attempts to study these differences empirically, either by examining similarities among family members with diff...

Human ttributions of intelligence in others reflect heuristic judgments of superficial qualities rather than systematic analysis of competence. This article reviews the literature on attribution of intelligence in humans and machines, examines the public controversy over human intelligence, mid extrapolates to the subject of machine intelligence. The possible effects on public policy ale discus...

This paper is an attempt to provide a JLO-type formula for a bivariant Chern character defined on “families of spectral triples”. Such families should be viewed as an algebraic version of unbounded Kasparov bimodules. The Chern character is built from the exponential of the curvature of a superconnection, leading to a heat kernel regularization of traces. We work within the Cuntz-Quillen formal...

The visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) environmental data record aerosol product (VIIRS_EDR) and the Aqua-moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MYD04) collection 6 (C6) aerosol optical depth (AOD) products are validated against the Cimel sun–photometer (CE318) AOD measurements during different air quality conditions over the Yangtze river basin (YRB) from 2 May 2012 to 3...

BACKGROUND Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) is not an optimal stain to discriminate chief cells from parietal cells in gastric biopsies MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen sets of biopsies from the gastric corpus were consecutively stained with H&E and toluidine blue stains; chief cells stained deep blue with toluidine blue, thus contrasting with lightly-stained parietal cells. In well-oriented sections...

The Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary platform equipped with the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) instrument provides observations of the Earth every 15 min since 2004. Based on those measurements, we present a new method called North African Sandstorm Survey (NASCube) to: (i) generate day/night remote sensing images in order to detect sandstorms over the Saha...

I find On Intelligence to be both fascinating and frustrating. Fascinating in that it hints at a potentially unifying view (the memory-prediction model) of brain structure and function; and frustrating in that it is very sketchy and in that it also makes claims about AI and conscious experience that seem to me to be questionable. I will mostly leave the neural aspects to other reviewers, focusi...

with “the smallest initial structures” (Minsky 1968), thus making their study important for both theoretical and practical issues. Since the birth of artificial intelligence (AI), games and puzzles have received much attention. The game that has captured most of the attention of computer scientists is chess. The founding fathers of AI such as McCarthy, Simon (Simon and Schaeffer 1992), Samuel, ...

■ A general game playing system is one that can accept a formal description of a game and play the game effectively without human intervention. Unlike specialized game players, such as Deep Blue, general game players do not rely on algorithms designed in advance for specific games; and, unlike Deep Blue, they are able to play different kinds of games. In order to promote work in this area, the ...