BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Erythrocyte morphology changes not only by primary hematological diseases but also by systemic inflammation, ineffective erythropoiesis and nutritional deficiencies. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a parameter reflecting erythrocyte morphology. We aimed to investigate the relationship of RDW with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) stages, BODE inde...

BACKGROUND High sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) is used as a marker of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, we hypothesize that the raised hs-CRP is not closely related to the multiple consequences of COPD. This study was undertaken to investigate the association of COPD assessment test (CAT) score with SpO2, FEV1, body mass index (BMI), obstruction, dyspnea an...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of lung disease characterized by progressive development of obstructed airflow and an increased chronic inflammatory response in the airways1. COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide2. The BODE index, is an important prognostic predictor of COPD, and is a multidimensional scoring system, combining information about variou...

This systematic review evaluated the effects of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus routine pharmacotherapy (RP) on the objective outcome measures BODE index, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in individuals with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Searches were conducted of six English and Chinese databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, CNKI and C...

The value and timing of multidimensional assessments in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear because there is little information about their variability and relationship to outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the progression of COPD using clinical and spirometric variability over time with mortality as the outcome. We determined the annual intra-individual va...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present with reduced exercise capacity due to impaired oxygen consumption (VO(2)), caused primarily by pulmonary dysfunction and deleterious peripheral adaptations. Assuming that COPD patients present with slower VO(2) and heart rate (HR) on-kinetics, we hypothesized that this finding is related to disease sever...

background: depression and smoking decrease health status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), but the combined effect of the two factors is unknown. this study aimed to assess the interactive effects of depression and smoking on the severity of patients with copd. methods: a prospective cohort study including 2,268 patients with copd was conducted in seven rural communities from ma...