The CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) receptor is a family B GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor). It consists of a GPCR, CLR (calcitonin receptor-like receptor) and an accessory protein, RAMP1 (receptor activity-modifying protein 1). RAMP1 is needed for CGRP binding and also cell-surface expression of CLR. There have been few systematic studies of the ECLs (extracellular loops) of family B G...

An optical ring network employing optical packet switching is investigated. An analytical approach allowing the computation of end-to-end cell loss ratio (CLR) is proposed. The CLR dependence on topological parameters (number of stations), network parameters (number of wavelengths), and node structure (buffer capacity) is computed assuming a uniform traffic load. A discrete event simulation con...

This paper provides a modular high-level design of the Common Language Runtime (CLR) architecture. Our design is given in terms of Abstract State Machines (ASMs) and takes the form of an interpreter. We describe the CLR as a hierarchy of eight submachines, which correspond to eight submodules into which the Common Intermediate Language (CIL) instruction set can be decomposed.

ATM as a high-speed cell switching technology can support multiple classes of traffic with different quality of service (QoS) requirements and diverse traffic characteristics. A main QoS requirement is the cell loss ratio (CLR). We need a real-time expression for the CLR calculation in ATM networks where the statistical multiplexing is an important factor. The existing analytical methods for th...

OBJECTIVE To examine the possible association between aneuploidies and fetal lateral cerebral ventriculomegaly in the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS Three-dimensional brain volumes were acquired by transvaginal ultrasound examination at 11-13 weeks' gestation in 410 euploid fetuses and 63 fetuses with trisomy 21, 34 with trisomy 18 and seven with trisomy 13. Lateral ventricles were ass...

AIM Stroke is associated closely with vascular homeostasis, and several complex processes and interacting pathways, which involve various genetic and environmental factors, contribute to the risk of stroke. Although adrenomedullin (ADM) has a number of physiological and vasoprotective functions, there are few studies of the ADM receptor system in humans. The ADM receptor comprises a calcitonin-...

BACKGROUND Timely reporting and acknowledgement are crucial steps in critical laboratory results (CLR) management. The authors previously showed that an automated pathway incorporating short messaging system (SMS) texts, auto-escalation, and manual telephone back-up improved the rate and speed of physician acknowledgement compared with manual telephone calling alone. This study investigated if ...

Chemical looping reforming (CLR) is a promising technology for syngas production combining autothermal operation with integrated CO2 capture. At large scale, reformer outlet pressure during an important factor the overall plant’s process efficiency and defines energy requirements downstream processing. Packed bed reactors are widely used established in industry high operating conditions due to ...