Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels have been characterized as important factors involved in physiological processes including sensory reception for vision and olfaction. The possibility thus exists that a certain CNG channel functions in gustation as well. In the present study, we carried out reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and genomic DNA cloning and characterized a CNG cha...

BACKGROUND The correlation between ALK gene copy number gain (ALK-CNG) and prognosis in the context of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a controversial issue. This study aimed to evaluate the association among ALK-CNG according to Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), clinical characteristics and survival in resectable and advanced NSCLC. METHODS Clinical and pathologic...

PURPOSE To determine if achromatopsia associated F525N and T383fsX mutations in the CNGB3 subunit of cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels increases susceptibility to cell death in photoreceptor-derived cells. METHODS Photoreceptor-derived 661W cells were transfected with cDNA encoding wild-type (WT) CNGA3 subunits plus WT or mutant CNGB3 subunits, and incubated with the m...

Some olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) respond to odors with hyperpolarization. Although transduction for excitatory responses is mediated by opening of a cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel, there is controversy on the mechanism underlying inhibitory responses. We find that mouse OSNs respond to odorants by either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing responses in loose-patch measurements. In the p...

Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels are essential in visual and olfactory signal transduction. An additional member of the cGMP-gated channel family, termed CNG-3, has been cloned from bovine kidney. Its deduced amino acid sequence is 60% and 62% identical with the CNG-channel proteins from bovine rod outer segment and bovine olfactory epithelium, respectively. Northern analysis and sequenc...

Complex reactive systems require specifying the relationship of inputs and outputs in the time domain. Typically, such descriptions involve complex sequences of events, often with explicit timing constraints, that combine to form the system's overall behavior. In addition, most reactive systems are highly concurrent and hierarchical. Investigating formal methods for behavior speciication of rea...

The global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis is estimated at nearly one million cases per year, causing up to a third of all AIDS-related deaths. Molecular epidemiology constitutes the main methodology for understanding the factors underpinning the emergence of this understudied, yet increasingly important, group of pathogenic fungi. Cryptococcus species are notable in the degree...

THE TRANSFORMATION OF LIGHT into electrical signals is the first step in the visual response. The molecular machinery responsible for this transformation is arguably the best understood cellular signaling pathway. In this pathway, light-mediated activation of the G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin (R) triggers the G protein transducin (T) to exchange GDP for GTP. One activated rhodopsin (R*) ...

Rod photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Rod CNG channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes are associated with constitutively active protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases that decrease and increase, respectively, the apparent affinity of the channels for cGMP. Here, we examine the effects of genistein, a competit...

in addition to increment of the vehicle sprung mass, the main physical effects of addition of cng tank to the vehicle are the longitudinal and height displacement of center of gravity, which have the most influences on the handling, braking, roll stability and spin stability of the vehicle. increment of cng tank mass to the sprung mass of the vehicle increases the vehicle under-steer gradient, ...