The in vitro amplification of prions by serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification has been shown to detect PrPSc to levels at least as sensitive as rodent bioassay but in a fraction of the time. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a zoonotic prion disease in cattle and has been shown to occur in 3 distinct forms, classical BSE (C-BSE) and 2 atypical BSE forms (L-BSE and H-BSE). Atypical fo...

On May 1, 2003, the American Cancer Society (ACS) published new guidelines for breast cancer screening (ACS, 2003). Although mammography guidelines were retained, the recommendations for breast selfexamination (BSE) were revised significantly. The 1997 guidelines stated that, starting at age 20, women should perform BSE monthly. New guidelines state that, beginning in their 20s, women should be...

This paper discusses the development of a set of specifications for a development methodology for educational multimedia, specifically for the development of a prototype educational multimedia application for Breast Self Examination (BSE) training. In the paper, the need for BSE training is examined and BSE is briefly presented. Our focus, however, is to show how the development of a multimedia...

While breast self-examination (BSE) frequency has received extensive research attention, proficiency has been less frequently addressed. Moreover, BSE proficiency among women at increased risk has not been adequately examined. Assessment of BSE proficiency is critical in determining the value of BSE with mammography and clinical breast examination in the early detection of breast cancer. BSE pr...

Rapid BSE tests are widely used diagnostics in veterinary medicine and more than 11 million tests are applied worldwide. The evaluation of new rapid BSE tests and the quality assurance of approved BSE tests pose a challenge owing to the natural scarcity of BSE-infected bovine brainstems and regional variations in prion titer. Transgenic mice expressing bovine prion protein (Tg4092) offer an alt...

BACKGROUND Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), including scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), are fatal diseases of the nervous system associated with accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrP(Sc)). Different strains of TSEs exist, associated with different PrP(Sc) confor...

BACKGROUND Various clinical protocols have been developed to aid in the clinical diagnosis of classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), which is confirmed by postmortem examinations based on vacuolation and accumulation of disease-associated prion protein (PrPd) in the brain. The present study investigated the occurrence and progression of sixty selected clinical signs and behaviour com...

 John Chambers (British Society of Echocardiography)  Cardiothoracic Centre, Guy's and St Thomas Hospitals, London  Ahmet Fuat (Primary Care Cardiovascular Society)  Strat Liddiard (CHD collaborative) Poole PCT  Theresa McDonagh (British Heart Failure Society) Cardiology Department, Western Infirmary, Glasgow  Mark Monaghan (BSE) Cardiac Department, King's College Hospital, London  Petro...