Sign language recognition is to provide an efficient and accurate mechanism to transcribe sign language into text or speech. State-of-the-art sign language recognition should be able to solve the signer-independent continuous problem for practical applications. A divide-and-conquer approach, which takes the problem of continuous Chinese Sign Language (CSL) recognition as subproblems of isolated...

Tai (2005) argues for the importance of iconicity as a fundamental property of language, illustrating the modality effects of iconicity through the study of a set of iconic devices used in Taiwan Sign Language (TSL). This paper extends Tai’s research, in exploring the iconic devices used in another Asian sign language, Chinese Sign Language (CSL). Some preliminary comparisons are made in this p...

Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E isolated from bovine rumen is able to produce a large amount of succinic acid in a medium containing glucose, peptone, and yeast extract. In order to reduce the cost of the medium, whey and corn steep liquor (CSL) were used as substrates for the production of succinic acid by M. succiniciproducens MBEL55E. Anaerobic batch cultures of M. succiniciproducens M...

For continuous-time Markov chains, the model-checking problem with respect to continuous-time stochastic logic (CSL) has been introduced and shown to be decidable by Aziz, Sanwal, Singhal and Brayton in 1996. The presented decision procedure, however, has exponential complexity. In this paper, we propose an effective approximation algorithm for full CSL. The key to our method is the notion of s...

In order to locate source signal more accurately in authorized frequency bands, a novel primary user localization algorithm based on compressive sensing (PU-CSL) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is proposed in this paper. In comparison to existing centroid locating algorithms, PU-CSL shows higher locating accuracy for integrally exploring correlation between source signal and secondary users ...

The logic of comparative concept similarity CSL has been introduced in 2005 by Shemeret, Tishkovsky, Zakharyashev and Wolter in order to express a kind of qualitative similarity reasoning about concepts in ontologies. The semantics of the logic is defined in terms of distance spaces; however it can be equivalently reformulated in terms of preferential structures, similar to those ones of condit...

In this paper, we present ToneWars, a collaborative mobile game for learning Chinese as a Second Language (CSL). ToneWars provides a learning experience that combines mastery learning, microlearning, and group-based interaction between CSL learners and native speakers. The game explores how unique input modalities, like touch gestures and speech recognition, can improve language acquisition tas...

We introduce a framework and methodology of cooperative simultaneous localization and tracking (CoSLAT) in decentralized mobile agent networks. CoSLAT provides a consistent combination of cooperative self-localization (CSL) and distributed target tracking (DTT). Multiple mobile targets and mobile agents are tracked using pairwise measurements between agents and targets and between agents. We pr...

{112} 3 CSL grain boundary in silicon was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and ab-initio calculation. A {112} 3 CSL boundary consisted of two segments which differed in atomic structure. The segment near the connected corner to {111} 3 CSL boundary showed symmetric structure and the other long segment, being distant region from the corner, showed asymmetr...