This paper presents a comprehensive virtual simulation model for CNC systems. The Virtual CNC (VCNC) has a modular architecture, allowing a real CNC to be prototyped quickly from standard library functions for feed drive models, feedback devices, axis control laws, and trajectory interpolation. Additional CNC modules can easily be prototyped and integrated to the VCNC by the user. Various appli...

The desire to develop high-value end-products derived from renewable resources is continuously growing as a result of environmental awareness and the depletion of fossil resources. In this context, nanocelluloses have gained great interest during recent decades owing to their renewability, abundancy and remarkable physical and mechanical properties. The aim of the present work was to investigat...

The aim of the next generation of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines is to be portable, interoperable and adaptable. Over the years, G-codes (ISO 6983) have been extensively used by the CNC machine tools for part programming and are now considered as a bottleneck for developing next generation of CNC machines. A new standard known as STEP-NC is being developed as the data model for ...

Here we report the production of highly thermal stable and functional cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanofibrils (CNF) by hydrolysis using concentrated organic acids. Due to their low water solubility, these solid organic acids can be easily recovered after hydrolysis reactions through crystallization at a lower or ambient temperature. When dicarboxylic acids were used, the resultant CNC surf...

Carney complex (CNC) is a multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome associated with other, non-endocrine manifestations such as lentigines, cardiac myxomas and schwannomas. Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), leading to corticotrophin-independent Cushing’s syndrome is the most frequent endocrine lesion in CNC. The complex has been mapped to 2p16 and 17q22-24, although ad...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to discriminate supratentorial intraventricular subependymoma (SIS) from central neurocytoma (CNC) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS Single-voxel proton MRS using a 1.5T or 3T MR scanner from five SISs, five CNCs, and normal controls were evaluated. They were examined using a point-resolved spectroscopy. Automatically calculated ratios ...

The aim of this project has been to prepare nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) from hydrochloric acid hydrolysis and optimise the process. CNC was also prepared from sulphuric acid hydrolysis to use as a reference. The starting material in both these processes was microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), therefore another cellulose source was used to try and prepare CNC from. The cellulose was extracted ...

New pulsation modes in two δ Scuti stars of Praesepe cluster, BQ and BW Cnc, have been detected during the STEPHI VI campaign in 1995. In particular, 3 frequencies for BQ Cnc and 9 frequencies for BW Cnc have been found above a 99% confidence level. The possibility of the presence of a g-mode present in BQ Cnc is discussed, considering its binarity. The effect of mutual interference between ver...

Due to its amazing physicochemical properties and high environmental compatibility, cellulose nano-crystals (CNC) hold great promise for serving as a strategic platform for sustainable development. Now, there has been growing interest in the development of processes using waste or residual biomass as CNC source for addressing economic and environmental concerns. In the present work, a combined ...

As a distributed computing system, a CNC system needs to be operated reliably, dependably, and safely. How to design reliable and dependable software and perform effective verification for CNC systems becomes an important research problem. In this paper, we propose a new modeling method called TTM/ATRTTL (timed transition models/all-time real-time temporal logics) for specifying CNC systems. TT...