The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioactive compounds in the ethanolic leaf extract of Azima tetracantha by using Gas chromatographyMass Spectrometry (GCMS). Azima tetracantha leaves were collected from Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu. The dried leaf powder was extracted with the solvent ethanol by using Soxhlet apparatus. One microlitre of the extract was subjected for analysis by GCMS to...

Global climate models (GCMs) are important tools for addressing climate change questions at a global scale. Recent research has attempted to combine outputs from multiple GCMs to quantify uncertainty in regional climate change, which may ultimately inform regional stakeholders and policy-makers. Using a case study, we illustrate a potential path toward improvement in an existing Bayesian formul...

NARCliM (New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Regional Climate Modelling project) is a climate downscaling project for Australia and the surrounding regions. Present and future climate simulations are performed using a 1-way nested dynamical down scaling approach and span 2 domains. We focus on the inner 10 km domain that extends across south-east Australia. Three regional climate m...

Climate change in Northwest China could lead to the change of the hydrological cycle and water resources. This paper assessed the influence of climate change on runoff in the Manas River basin as follows. First, the temporal trends and abrupt change points of runoff, precipitation, and mean, lowest and highest temperature in yearly scale during the period of 1961–2015 were analyzed using the Ma...

5 Climate sensitivity is generally studied using two types of models. Atmosphere-ocean general 6 circulation models (AOGCMs) include interactive ocean dynamics and detailed heat uptake. 7 Atmospheric GCMs (AGCMs) with slab ocean models (SOMs) cannot fully simulate the 8 ocean’s response to and influence on climate. However, AGCMs are cheaper computation9 ally and thus are often used to quantify...

This paper presents an update on the detection and attribution of global annual mean surface air temperature changes, using recently developed climate models. In particular, it applies a new methodology that permits the inclusion of many more general circulation models (GCMs) into the analysis, and it also includes more recent observations. This methodology involves fitting a series of energy b...

Most of the uncertainty in the climate sensitivity of contemporary general circulation models (GCMs) is believed to be connected with differences in the simulated radiative feedback from clouds. Traditional methods of evaluating clouds in GCMs compare time–mean geographical cloud fields or aspects of present-day cloud variability, with observational data. In both cases a hypothetical assumption...