BACKGROUND The number of women serving in the United States military increased during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), leading to a subsequent surge in new women Veterans seeking health care services from the Veterans Administration (VA). The objective of this study was to examine gender differences among OEF/OIF Veterans in utilization of VA outpatient health...

Of the various macro-engineering schemes proposed to mitigate global warming, ocean iron fertilization (OIF) is one that could be started at short notice on relevant scales. It is based on the reasoning that adding trace amounts of iron to iron-limited phytoplankton of the Southern Ocean will lead to blooms, mass sinking of organic matter and ultimately sequestration of significant amounts of a...

This contribution presents the 400G White Paper document. The OIF is an international non-profit organization with over 100 member companies, including the world’s leading carriers and vendors. Being an industry group uniting representatives of the data and optical worlds, OIF’s purpose is to accelerate the deployment of interoperable, cost-effective and robust optical internetworks and their a...

Protection using rings has been the common method of reducing downtime on SONET/SDH based telecommunication networks. With the trend towards IP over DWDM, there is a need for IP based protection and restoration mechanisms. In this paper, the mechanisms being developed at several standards organizations including OIF, IETF, and ITU are described. These mechanisms are in some sense more powerful ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious condition affecting many American veterans who have served in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Using a biopsychosocial perspective, the authors delineate and discuss the challenges of diagnosing and treating this neurological disability among soldiers who have returned to the United States from combat theaters in the M...

The comorbid psychopathology that is well-established in ethnoracially diverse OEF/OIF/OND veterans also often coincides with other problems (e.g., legal and social). To mitigate the clinical side of these types of difficulties, the Veteran Administration Health Care Systems offers a wide range of mental health services. This article draws on an evidenced-based literature review to explore fact...

The question of whether ocean iron fertilization (OIF) can yield verifiable carbon sequestration is often cast in terms of whether fertilization results in enhanced particle export. However, model studies show that oceanic carbon storage is only weakly related to global particle export — depending instead on an increase in the carbon associated with the pool of remineralized nutrients. The magn...

Little is known about the use of central nervous system (CNS) and musculoskeletal (MS) medications in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) veterans with blast-related injuries. A group of 133 OIF/OEF veterans with blast-related injuries was identified from trauma registries and verified with electronic medical records. Use of multiple CNS and MS medications was common an...

I discuss a component-centered, aspect-oriented system, the Object Infrastructure Framework (OIF), NASA's initiative on Intelligent Synthesis Environments (ISE), and the application of OIF to the architecture of ISE. A critical issue in developing component-based and distributed systems is getting the assembled set of components to follow the policies of the overall system. To achieve ilities s...