In this paper, we discuss the benefits and limitations of Machine Learning (ML) for Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) in domains where the cases are text documents. In textual CBR, the bottleneck is often indexing new cases. While ML has the potential to help build large case-bases from a small start-up collection by learning to classify texts under the index-terms, we found in experiments with a real...

Authoring of concept-based Web courseware is more complicated than the ‘standard’ courseware authoring and thus needs more adaptive and intelligent support. In order to provide such support the authoring system itself needs to have understanding about the process of courseware authoring, to be able to decompose it in steps and procedures and reason over it; to provide hints and recommendations ...

With the evolution of the Web evolving towards the Semantic Web, where the information should be presented in a meaningful way for both humans and machines, arises the need for semantic interoperability. By interoperability we understand the use of meaningful representation mechanisms that allow for information exchange among agents. There is a consensus that ontologies will be this representat...

Cancer of the breast, seen by Galen as the commonest cancer of his time, was probably first mentioned by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC. A single case history was described but no specific treatment mentioned. For centuries no further cases were described, until Cato, 2nd century BC, advocated cabbage poultices for all tumours and breast cancer in particular. Aëtius of Amida probably first d...

In this article we offer a formal account of reasoning with legal cases in terms of argumentation schemes. These schemes, and undercutting attacks associated with them, are formalized as defeasible rules of inference within the ASPIC+ framework. We begin by modelling the style of reasoning with cases developed by Aleven and Ashley in the CATO project, which describes cases using factors, and th...

Author Contributions: Nan Xiao: Conception and design, aquisition of data, manuscript writing Hongbin Cao: Aquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data Che-Hong Chen: Conception and design Christina S. Kong: Aquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data Rehan Ali:Aquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data Cato Chan: Administrative and material support Davud Sir...

The Cato Institute’s Center for Constitutional Studies is pleased to publish this eighth volume of the Cato Supreme Court Review, an annual critique of the Court’s most important decisions from the term just ended, plus a look at the cases ahead—all from a classical Madisonian perspective, grounded in the nation’s first principles, liberty and limited government. We release this volume each yea...