In animal ribosomes, two stalk proteins P1 and P2 form a heterodimer, and the two dimers, with the anchor protein P0, constitute a pentameric complex crucial for recruitment of translational GTPase factors to the ribosome. To investigate the functional contribution of each copy of the stalk proteins, we constructed P0 mutants, in which one of the two C-terminal helices, namely helix I (N-termin...

Redundancy in robotic manipulators has many advantages. It is successfully used to achieve better dexterity, and avoid obstacles, singularities, or the kinematic limitations. However, redundancy makes inverse kinematics (IK) problem harder solve. The damped least squares (DLS) a powerful method for calculating IK of redundant robots, but it suffers from noncyclicity issue, where closed curve mo...

Scyl1 is an evolutionarily conserved N-terminal protein kinase-like domain protein that plays a role in COP1-mediated retrograde protein trafficking in mammalian cells. Furthermore, loss of Scyl1 function has been shown to result in neurodegenerative disorders in mice. Here, we report that Scyl1 is also a cytoplasmic component of the mammalian nuclear tRNA export machinery. Like exportin-t, ove...

extracted twice with an equal volume of ethyl acetate. The organic layer after concentration was dissolved in MeOH/waterand passed through a column of Diaion HP-20. The column was eluted with a stepwise water/ MeOHgradient. Active fractions were combined, freezedried, and dry-packed to a silica column. Elution with a CH2Cl2/MeOH gradient resolved the activity into gentisyl alcohol and mixture o...

The increasingly used real time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) method for gene expression analysis requires one or several reference gene(s) acting as normalization factor(s). In order to facilitate gene expression studies in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), a non-model plant with limited genome information, the stability of 13 candidate reference genes was evaluated. The ge...

Replacement of the L10.L7/L12 protein complex and L11 in Escherichia coli ribosomes with the respective rat counterparts P0.P1/P2 and eukaryotic L12 causes conversion of ribosomal specificity for elongation factors from prokaryotic elongation factor (EF)-Tu/EF-G to eukaryotic EF (eEF)-1alpha/eEF-2. Here we have investigated the effects of protein replacement on the structure and function of two...

Piece Work Pay and Hourly Pay over the Cycle This paper investigates the relative cyclical behavior of the pay of piece workers and hourly paid workers. It uses a unique data set of blue-collar workers in British engineering between 1926 and 1966. The statistics are obtained from the payrolls of firms belonging to the Engineering Employers Federation (EEF). Roughly, the EEF accounted for one-th...

The interaction between eukaryotic elongation factor eEF-2 and reconstituted 80 S ribosomes was investigated by analyzing the accessibility of 5 S ribosomal RNA for chemical and enzymatic modification. Ribosomes reconstituted from derived subunits were modified, and the positions of the modified sites were identified by primer extension using a 5 S rRNA-specific probe. All reactive sites were l...