Adhesive apparatus is the modifications of the skin of the ventral surface. Fast water current is the single most important limiting factor deciding the occurrence and survival of fauna and flora unless equipped with special adaptive features to with-stand the vicissitudes of nature. In hillstream fishes, the presence of adaptive modifications in their body organization is of prime importance f...

Observations on the structure and function of the ear in amphisbaenians have been extended to two new species: to Blanus cinereus of the family Amphisbaenidae and Diplometopon zarudnyi of the family Trogonophidae. Blanus, considered one of the most primitive of this group of reptiles, shows a distinctive form of sound-receptive mechanism. The usual extracolumella is lacking, and the columella a...

This study aimed at determining blood biochemical parameters with potential diagnostic value to assess the nutritional status for healthy Snow trout, Schizothorax zarudnyi. For this purpose, three treatment groups of Snow trout (average weight, 65.9±5.3 g) were kept unfed for 24 h, 7 and 14 days. During the experiment, a natural photoperiod was adopted, water temperature was maintained at 23.2±...

We karyotyped and sequenced 1,140 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b of a specimen of Zarudny’s rock shrew (Crocidura zarudnyi) from Baluchestan, southeastern Iran, to clarify its cytogenetic and molecular relationships with other Eurasian species of Crocidura. According to the karyotype (2N 1⁄4 40, FN 1⁄4 50), Zarudny’s rock shrew belongs to the group of the lesser white-toothed ...

In this study, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Schizothorax yunnanensis paoshanensis is determined for the first time. The complete mtDNA genome sequence of S. yunnanensis paoshanensis is 16,585 bp in length. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and a putative control region (D-loop region). The gene order of S. yunnanensis paoshanensis ...

abstract pollution is a world problem with serious consequences. heavy metals are an important group of these contaminants and enter aquatic ecosystems from anthropogenic and natural sources and animal health and systems are affected. in this study, the effect of lead exposure (3 mg/l concentration, 30 days) on activity of tissue enzymes, including acetyl cholinesterase, alanine aminotransferas...