OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare prehospital spinal immobilization techniques applied to age-based cohorts of children with and without cervical spine injury (CSI) after blunt trauma. METHODS We compared prehospital spinal immobilization in 3 age-based cohorts of children with blunt trauma-related CSI transported to 1 of 17 participating hospitals. We also compared children younger than ...

Columnar structured cesium iodide (CsI) scintillators doped with Thallium (Tl) have been used extensively for indirect x-ray imaging detectors. The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology for systematic investigation of the inherent imaging performance of CsI as a function of thickness and design type. The results will facilitate the optimization of CsI layer design for different x-ra...

Summarn Recognition of psychological distress in patients with cancer. some of which can be ameliorated With appropriate intervention. is a crucial aspect of patient care. Previous studies, with the exception of one. indicate that oncologists often fail to detect general distress and do not identify those patients with significant psychological disorder. As approximately 25-30% of patients expe...

In this paper, we derive a capacity region for Gaussian fading multiple access degraded relay channel with partial channel state information (CSI) at the transmitters (CSIT) and perfect CSI at the receiver (CSIR). The achievable rate region obtained by Kramer-Wijngaarden is a special case of our region. Keywords-Gaussian fading channel; channel state information (CSI); discrete multiple access ...

Calculations are performed on several aspects of the luminescence of pure CsI and CsI: Na. These include electronic-structure calculations by both pseudopotential and semiempirical molecular-orbital methods, as well as lattice-configuration studies. The results suggest that the main observed emission in CsI: Na at 2.95 eV involves the recombination of a self-trapped exciton immediately adjacent...

BACKGROUND Confocal spectral imaging (CSI) microscopic systems currently on the market delineate multiple fluorescent proteins, labels, or dyes within biological specimens by performing spectral characterizations. However, some CSI systems have been found to present inconsistent spectral profiles of reference spectra within a particular system and between related and unrelated instruments. This...

BACKGROUND To guide anesthetic administration with electroencephalogram monitors in children, an adequate characterization of the anesthetic effect measured by these monitors in this population is needed. We sought to quantify and compare the dynamic profile of sevoflurane's effect measured with the cerebral state index (CSI) and the bispectral index (BIS) in children. METHODS Fifteen healthy...

There is currently a large interest in relational probabilistic models. While the concept of context-specific independence (CSI) has been well-studied for models such as Bayesian networks, this is not the case for relational probabilistic models. In this paper we show that directed relational probabilistic models often exhibit CSI by identifying three different sources of CSI in such models (tw...

In this paper we investigate four dimensional Lorentzian spacetimes with constant curvature invariants (CSI spacetimes). We prove that if a four dimensional spacetime is CSI , then either the spacetime is locally homogeneous or the spacetime is a Kundt spacetime for which there exists a frame such that the positive boost weight components of all curvature tensors vanish and the boost weight zer...