Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a major cause of acute respiratory diseases in horses in most parts of the world that results in severe economic losses. Information on the epidemiology of EIV in tropical Africa is scanty. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the presence of influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) in 284 horse sera in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria. The E...

This thesis presents a successful novel approach to the challenging problem of model selection in motion estimation from sequences of images. The concept is based on the brightness change constraint which is discussed formally and concisely such that new light is cast on the properties of local parametric optical flow models. These models give rise to parameter estimation problems with highly c...

Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely used for monitoring complex industrial processes with multiple variables and diagnosing process and sensor faults. The objective of this paper is to develop a new subspace identification algorithm that gives consistent model estimates under the errors-in-variables (EIV) situation. In this paper, we propose a new subspace identification approach...

Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) has been a widely used parallel MRI technique. However, noise deteriorates the reconstructed image when reduction factor increases or even at low reduction factor for some noisy datasets. Noise, initially generated from scanner, propagates noise-related errors during fitting and interpolation procedures of GRAPPA to distort the...

Targeting the adjustment of errors-in-variables (EIV) model with equality and inequality constraints, a general solution that is similar to classical least square proposed based on penalty function weight in measurement. Firstly, we take constraints as do not satisfy constraint conditions construct functions respectively. Thus, constrained optimization problem transformed into an unconstrained ...

This study considers the isopycnal eddy transport of mass and passive tracers in eddy-resolving double-gyre quasigeostrophic oceanic circulation. Here we focus on advective transport, whereas a companion paper focuses eddy-induced diffusive tracer transport. To work towards parameterising quantify flux using tensor with eddies defined spatial filter, which leads to results distinct from those o...

In this study, we evaluated whether five rapid antigen detection kits for human influenza could be used for the diagnosis of equine influenza (EI). Limiting dilution analyses showed that Directigen Flu A+B and ESPLINE INFLUENZA A&B-N had the highest sensitivities to equine-2 influenza viruses (EIVs) among the kits investigated. From the results of virus detection in nasal swabs taken from horse...

This study provides information regarding vaccine research and the epidemiology of influenza virus in neglected hosts (horses and dogs). Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes a highly contagious disease in horses and other equids, and outbreaks have occurred worldwide. EIV has resulted in costly damage to the horse industry and has the ability of cross the host species barrier from horses to dogs...

Orthogonal least trimmed absolute deviation (OLTAD) estimator of the multiple linear errors-in-variables (EIV) model is presented. We show that the OLTAD estimator has the high breakdown point and appropriate properties. A new decimal-integer-coded genetic algorithm(DICGA) and Fast-OLTAD method for solving OLTAD estimators are also proposed. Computational experiments of the OLTAD estimator of t...

In this paper, we propose a robust Kalman filter and smoother for the errors-invariables (EIV) state space model subject to observation noise with outliers. We introduce the EIV problem with outliers and then we present the minimum covariance determinant (MCD) estimator which is highly robust estimator to detect outliers. As a result, a new statistical test to check the existence of outliers wh...