Trichothecene mycotoxins and other translational inhibitors activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) by a mechanism called the "ribotoxic stress response," which drives both cytokine gene expression and apoptosis in macrophages. The purpose of this study was to identify upstream kinases involved in the ribotoxic stress response using the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) and the RAW 2...

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and carbon (DOC) often dominate the dissolved nitrogen and organic carbon fluxes from rivers, yet they are not considered to affect coastal water quality because of their assumed refractory nature. The objective of this study was to quantify DON and DOC bioavailability to bacteria in 9 rivers on the east coast of the United States during a 6 d dark bioassay expe...

We investigated a proposed synergistic effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on small intestinal architecture and epithelial barrier integrity in pigs. Crypt depth and intestinal cell proliferation were analyzed, as well as expression of zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and β-catenin of the apical junction complex along the small intestine. Barrows (26.2±4.1 kg) were fed...

Coggin, J. H., Jr. (The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.), and W. R. Martin. 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine inhibition of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 89:1348-1353. 1965.-The glutamine analogue 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) induced filaments and spheroplasts in Escherichia coli during the transition of sensitive populations to a state of resistance. Resistance developed at a frequency sug...

The glutamine analogue, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), has been shown to inhibit biosynthesis of purines and glycosaminoglycans, presumably by blocking the glutamine-dependent steps in the biosynthetic pathways. The teratogenic potential of DON on the developing mouse limb-bud in vivo and in vitro was studies in an attempt to discriminate whether DON is exerting its teratogenic effect by int...

Most nitrogen (N) assimilation in lake and marine ecosystems is often subsequently released via autochthonous dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) production, but autochthonous DON production has yet to be quantified in flowing waters. We measured in-stream DON production following 24 h 15N-nitrate (NO{3 ) tracer additions in 36 headwater streams, a subset of sites from the second Lotic Intersite N...

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most common food contaminants, primarily targets the gastrointestinal tract to affect animal and human health. This study was conducted to examine the protective function of glutamic acid on intestinal injury and oxidative stress caused by DON in piglets. Twenty-eight piglets were assigned randomly into 4 dietary treatments (7 pigs/treatment): 1) u...

objective(s):the present study investigated the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties of dorema aucheri leave hydroalcoholic extract in nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. materials and methods: nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were supplemented orally with three different doses of d.  aucheri (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw) or glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg) f...

Donald C. Ellison, Pasquale Blasi, Stefano Gabici (a) Physics Dept., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A. (b) High Energy Astrophysics Group, INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125, Firenze, Italy (c) Humboldt Fellow, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany Presenter: Don Ellison (don [email protected]), usa...

The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on morphometric indices of jejunum and to follow the passage of deoxynivalenol (DON) through subsequent segments of the digestive tract of broilers. A total of 45 1-d-old broiler chickens (Ross 308 males) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (15 birds/...