Tritiated uridine-5'-diphosphogalactose (UDP-[3H]Gal) has been widely used to study oligosaccharide biosynthesis and structure. It can be synthesized either chemically or enzymatically using galactose oxidase to oxidize the hydroxyl moiety at C-6 to an aldehyde (6-aldo-UDP-Gal), which is then reduced back to the alcohol with tritiated sodium borohydride. Although the enzymatic approach is simpl...

We have identified an operon and characterized the functions of two genes from the severe food poisoning bacterium, Bacillus cereus subsp. cytotoxis NVH 391-98 that are involved in the synthesis of a unique UDPsugar, UDP-2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-xylose (UDPN-acetyl-xylosamine, UDP-XylNAc). UGlcNAcDH encodes a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 6-dehydrogenase converting UDPN-acetyl-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to ...

The interactions of Mn2+, nucleotides, monosaccharide substrates, and the modifier protein alpha-lactalbumin with galactosyltransferase have been studied by difference spectroscopy. MnCl2, required for significant binding of UDP-galactose or UDP to the enzyme, does not exhibit specific interactions with tyrosine or tryptophan residues. The interaction of UDP-galactose or UDP with galactosyltran...

The pool levels of the nucleotide precursors of peptidoglycan were analyzed after inhibition of protein synthesis in various Escherichia coli strains. In all cases UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide (UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide) cell pools increased upon treatment with chloramphenicol or tetracycline. Similar results were observed after the treatment of K-12 s...

25 The Gi-coupled P2Y14 receptor (P2Y14-R) is potently activated by UDP-sugars and UDP. 26 Although P2Y14-R mRNA is prominently expressed in circulating neutrophils, the signaling 27 pathways and functional responses associated with this receptor are undefined. In this study, we 28 illustrate that incubation of isolated human neutrophils with UDP-glucose resulted in 29 cytoskeleton rearrangemen...

This study characterized the kinetics, variability, and factors that affect UDP–glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) uptake by human liver microsomes (HLM). Biphasic kinetics were observed for UDP-GlcUA uptake by HLM. Uptake affinities (assessed as Kd) of the highand low-affinity components differed by more than an order of magnitude (13 6 6 vs. 374 6 175 mM), but were comparable in terms of the maximal...

Mycotoxins, derived from toxigenic fungi such as Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium species have impacted the human food chain for thousands of years. Deoxynivalenol (DON), is a tetracyclic sesquiterpenoid type B trichothecene mycotoxin predominantly produced by F. culmorum graminearum during infection corn, wheat, oats, barley, rice. Glycosylation DON protective detoxification mechanism em...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is essential for most gram-negative bacteria and plays an important role in serum resistance, pathogenesis, drug protection from harsh environments. The outer core oligosaccharide of LPS involved bacterial recognition invasion host cells. D-galactosyltransferase WaaB responsible the addition D-galactose to LPS, which Salmonella typhimurium invasion. Here we report first...

The cellular content of UDP-glucose in isolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryo increases 8-fold during the first 40 minutes of imbibition. An additional 3-fold increase in the amount of UDP-glucose was observed in the next 5 hours of germination. This communication also describes a unique, quantitative method to achieve a high sensitivity in a direct determination of UDP-glucose with Na [(...