Neo-Darwinists have long held that random mutations produce genetic differences among individuals, and selection increases the frequency of advantageous alleles. In 1988, Cairns et al. claimed that an environmental pressure can cause advantageous mutations to occur in specific genes to alleviate that particular pressure. Directed mutation, as proposed by Cairns, has been all but eradicated from...

The vector competence of Australian mosquitoes for yellow fever virus (YFV) was evaluated. Infection and transmission rates in Cairns and Townsville populations of Aedes aegypti and a Brisbane strain of Ae. notoscriptus were not significantly different from a well-characterized YFV-susceptible strain of Ae. aegypti. After exposure to 10⁷·² tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀)/mL of an Africa...

Numerous papers have been published which deal with the occurrence of heavy metals in the various components of freshwater ecosystems (Radwan et al. 1990; Scanferlato and Cairns 1990; Hintelmann et al. 1993) and sewage treatment systems (Yetis and Gokcay 1989; Cimino and Caristi 1990; Dilek and Yetis 1992; Melcer et al. 1992; Moriyama et al. 1992). However, only a few papers refer to the presen...

A.D. Riggs.1999. Chromatin structure analysis by ligation-mediated and terminal transferasemediated polymerase chain reaction. Methods Enzymol. 304:548-571. 14.Pfeifer, G.P., S.D. Steigerwald, P.R. Mueller, B. Wold, and A.D. Riggs. 1989. Genomic sequencing and methylation analysis by ligation mediated PCR. Science 246:810-813. 15.Saluz, H. and J.P. Jost. 1989. A simple highresolution procedure ...

This paper addresses climate change related issues that may affect the long term sustainable management of terrestrial and marine tourism protected areas in Cairns, Australia. The resiliency of tourism in areas vulnerable to climate change stands to be significantly affected by economic and societal trade-offs that may need to be made to protect valuable local-global resources for future genera...

Hayes Wong 1 , Xu-Dong Dong 1,2 , Brian E. Cairns 1,3 5 6 1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 7 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3 8 9 2 College of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, 10 China 11 12 3 Center for Sensory Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and 13 Technology , Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg Unive...