Photoperiodic regulation of melatonin receptor types on target tissues, such as lymphatic organs, has never been explored for any seasonal breeder. In the present study, we accessed the high affinity membrane melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 expression dynamics in lymphoid organs (i.e., spleen and thymus) of a seasonally breeding rodent Funambulus pennanti during two major reproductive phases (i...

Synthesized by the pineal gland, melatonin is a neurohormone implicated in diverse physiological functions via several mechanisms. However, the role of melatonin in spermatogenesis and its underlying mechanisms have yet to be completely understood. In the present study, transcriptome sequencing was performed to characterize the mechanism of melatonin-induced GC-1 spg proliferation. Gene ontolog...

Melatonin is primarily synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland during darkness in a normal diurnal cycle. In addition to its intrinsic antioxidant property, the neurohormone has renowned regulatory roles in the control of circadian rhythm and exerts its physiological actions primarily by interacting with the G protein-coupled MT1 and MT2 transmembrane receptors. The two melatonin receptor ...

BACKGROUND It is proved that testis is sensitive to electromagnetic field (EMF) and its damage results in infertility. Exposure to EMF induces reactive oxygen species production and affects on anti-oxidants defense mechanisms. Metallothionein (MT) is a name for a group of low molecular weight (6-7 kDa), sulfhydryl rich proteins. Expression of MT1 and MT2 genes in testis tissue after EMF exposur...

Background: It is proved that testis is sensitive to electromagnetic field (EMF) and its damage results in infertility. Exposure to EMF induces reactive oxygen species production and affects on anti-oxidants defense mechanisms. Metallothionein (MT) is a name for a group of low molecular weight (6-7 kDa), sulfhydryl rich proteins. Expression of MT1 and MT2 genes in testis tissue after EMF exposu...

Melatonin (MEL) has been reported to have acute enhancing effects on some aspects of cognition. Recently, we revealed that N1-acetyl-5-methoxyquinuramine (AMK), a brain metabolite MEL, is much more potent than MEL in converting short-term memory (STM) long-term (LTM) with single administration immediately after the acquisition trial novel object recognition (NOR) task. These data suggest memory...

Microplastics (MPs, 1 µm – 5 mm) in aquatic environments undergo complex weathering transformations such as those induced by microbial colonization and biofilm formation, that affect their ability to interact with environmental contaminants (co-contaminants). In this study, the composition of MP biofilms its influence on sorption bioavailability two co-contaminants different physicochemistry, b...

The mechanisms by which HIV-1 infection kills T lymphocytes are not clearly established. Apoptosis is an internally programmed cell death pathway that may regulate both T cell development and senescence, and that is characterized by cleavage of DNA at internucleosomal regions. The present experiments show that acute HIV-1 infection of MT2 lymphoblasts and activated normal peripheral blood monon...

The specificities of the monoclonal antibodies I-LR2 and 109d6, which recognize MT2- and MT3-like serologic determinants, respectively, have been confirmed by panel testing. In addition, the relationships of these antibodies to other monoclonal antibodies and alloantisera have been studied by means of cell surface fluorescence, complement-dependent cytotoxicity and immunoprecipitation. Using th...

The ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) may discover the squarks (q̃) and gluino (g̃) of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) in the early stage of the experiments if their masses are lighter than 1.5 TeV. In this paper we propose the sub-system mT2 variable (m sub T2 ), which is sensitive to the gluino mass when mq̃ > mg̃. Using it with the inclusive mT2 distri...