Predator-prey relationships are integral to ecosystem stability and functioning. These relationships are, however, difficult to maintain in protected areas where large predators are increasingly being reintroduced and confined. Where predators make kills has a profound influence on their role in ecosystems, but the relative importance of environmental variables in determining kill sites, and ho...

introductionmain trend of ecotourism is nature and its beauties; so finding the beautiful landscapes and evaluating aesthetic values of the area would be considered as one of the principles of recreational planning. scenic beauty is a major component of every encounter with the natural environment in tourism and recreation activities. visual elements of landscape not only present aesthetical va...

In an urban environment, the occlusion of satellite broadcasts varies across space and thus, preplanning for collection of GPS points requires consideration of these obstructions. This paper presents a GIS embedded model (ArcGIS and ArcObjects) for predicting GPS error via modeling PDOP in an urban environment. The "skyview" model predicted PDOP for spatial locations as a function of the percen...

The calculation of viewsheds is a routine operation in GIS and is used in a wide range of applications. Many of these involve the siting of features, such as radio masts, which are part of a network and yet the selection of sites is normally done separately for each feature. The selection of a series of locations which collectively maximise the visual coverage of an area is a combinatorial prob...

This study evaluated the positioning accuracy of moving forest harvesters using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals under a canopy, and developed approaches for forecasting mature spruce canopy cover. Real-time kinematic with Trimble R12 receiver on top harvester achieved high accuracy, 86% observations meeting maximum precision 8 mm. However, presence cover hampered GNSS’s perfor...

In this study, we developed a 3D-model-based technology that can evaluate solar access by analyzing radiation and shade to find the optimal location for system. We an algorithm quickly calculate viewshed applying ray-casting technology, which is useful in field of computer graphics. To apply unmanned aerial vehicle (DJI MAVIC 3) was used create 3D model taking 320 photos Kangwon National Univer...