This study examined the adhesive interaction of peripheral blood monocytes with VCAM-1 and analyzed the effect of P-selectin binding to monocytes on the adhesive interaction with VCAM-1 under flow conditions. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is expressed on most monocytes. Furthermore, most monocytes bind soluble P-selectin derived from platelets. P-selectin binding to monocytes did not alter t...

We generated vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 "knock-in" mice and Cre recombinase transgenic mice to delete the VCAM-1 gene (vcam-1) in whole mice, thereby overcoming the embryonic lethality seen with conventional vcam-1-deficient mice. vcam-1 knock-in mice expressed normal levels of VCAM-1 but showed loss of VCAM-1 on endothelial and hematopoietic cells when interbred with a "TIE2Cre" ...

BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis may be stimulated by the increased presence of insulin and tumor necrosis-factor-α (TNFα) with subsequent expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). We hypothesized that extracellular signal-regulated kinase-5 (ERK5) plays an important role in insulin and TNFα-stimulated total and cell surface VCAM-1 expression. METHODS Rat aorta vascular endothelial ...

Background: The death of neurons and cerebral edema are the main consequences of stroke. However, inflammatory processes play a key role in aggravating cerebral damage following stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Viola odorant extract (VOE) on infarct volume (IV), neurologic deficits (ND), and expression of NF-κB and VCAM-1 in the MCAO model. Method: The animals we...

CD8(+) cells from HIV-infected individuals showing the CD8(+) cell noncytotoxic antiviral response unexpectedly revealed mRNA for VCAM-1, a cell surface molecule found on endothelial cells. Uninfected subjects had undetectable levels of VCAM-1 mRNA in their CD8(+) cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that up to 12% of the CD8(+) cells from HIV-positive individuals expressed VCAM-1 compared wit...

Although a large body of data on mobilization have yielded valuable clues, the mechanism(s) dictating egress of stem/progenitor cells during baseline hematopoiesis and after their mobilization are poorly understood. We have previously provided functional in vivo evidence that cytoadhesion molecules, specifically the beta1 integrins, are involved in mobilization; however, the mechanism by which ...

Endothelial ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 were shown to be essential for T cell diapedesis across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro under static conditions. Crawling of T cells prior to diapedesis was only recently revealed to occur preferentially against the direction of blood flow on the endothelial surface of inflamed brain microvessels in vivo. Using live cell-imaging techniques, we prove that Th1...

Eosinophil accumulation has been associated with the pathogenesis of numerous allergic inflammatory disorders. Despite the great interest in this response, many aspects of eosinophil accumulation remain unknown. This is particularly true with respect to tissue-specific mechanisms that may regulate the accumulation of eosinophils in different organs. This study addressed this issue by investigat...

BACKGROUND The ability to image vascular inflammatory responses may allow early diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that molecular imaging of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) could be used for this purpose. METHODS AND RESULTS Attachment of VCAM-1-targeted and control microbubbles to cultured endothelial cell...