Understanding patterns of species diversity relies on accurate taxonomy which can only be achieved by long-term natural history research and the use of complementary information to establish species boundaries among cryptic taxa. We used DNA barcoding to characterize the ant diversity of Iguazú National Park (INP), a protected area of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion, located at the s...

DNA barcoding has become a promising means for the identification of organisms of all life-history stages. Currently, distance-based and tree-based methods are most widely used to define species boundaries and uncover cryptic species. However, there is no universal threshold of genetic distance values that can be used to distinguish taxonomic groups. Alternatively, DNA barcoding can deploy a "c...

In Papers I and II (1, 2) it was shown that basic phenylmercuric nitrate depressed a number of enzymes (cytochrome oxidase, succinoxidase, catalase, and several dehydrogenases), that it reacted with sulfhydryl groups, and that the depression of yeast respiration by the basic nitrate could be prevented by the presence of sulfhydryl-containing compounds, such as cysteine or homocysteine. These fi...

Three distinct types of terminal oxidases participate in the aerobic respiratory pathways of Paracoccus denitrificans. Two alternative genes encoding sub unit I of the aa3 -type cytochrome c oxidase have been isolated before, namely ctaDI and ctaDII. Each of these genes can be expressed separately to complement a double mutant (ActaDI, ActaDII), indicating that they are isoforms of subunit I of...

Phormidium foveolarum was grown with nitrate or ammonia as nitrogen source. With ammonia present respiration increased by a factor of 4 due to increase of cytochrome c oxidase. The inhibition of respiration by cyanide was measured during the growth period, indicating that only one terminal oxidase is present in Phormidium foveolarum . Cytochrome c oxidase from ammoniagrown filaments was solubil...

The cytochrome c oxidase Cox2 has been purified from native membranes of the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Aquifex aeolicus. It is a cytochrome ba(3) oxidase belonging to the family B of the heme-copper containing terminal oxidases. It consists of three subunits, subunit I (CoxA2, 63.9 kDa), subunit II (CoxB2, 16.8 kDa), and an additional subunit IIa of 5.2 kDa. Surprisingly it is able to oxidi...

While analyzing wild mosquitoes caught in Paju, South Korea, we identified one egg-laying hybrid female between Anopheles kleini and Anopheles sinensis. Additional evidence was obtained by identifying several F(1) progeny and conducting self-crossing between them. Sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequence suggested that the maternal origin of the female should be An. s...

1. Copper deficiency was induced in five Friesian cattle offered a semi-synthetic diet containing less than 1 mgCu/kg. Changes in blood and liver Cu contents and in the Cu-containing enzymes, ferroxidase I (caeruloplasmin; EC 1.16.3.1) and monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) of plasma and cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) of liver and skeletal muscle were monitored during Cu depletion. 2. Rapid decrea...

Evidence for the presence of a quinol oxidase super-complex composed of a cytochrome bc1 complex and cytochrome oxidase in the respiratory chain of a Gram-positive thermophilic bacterium PS3 is reported. On incubation with an octyl glucoside-solubilized fraction of the total membranes of PS3 anti-serum against PS3 cytochrome oxidase gave an immunoprecipitate that showed both quinol-cytochrome c...