The switching behavior of isolated nanoscale nickel and cobalt bars, which were fabricated using electron-beam lithography, was studied as a function of bar length. The bars have a 35 nm thickness, a 100 nm width, and a length varying from 200 nm to 5 mm. Magnetic force microscopy showed that except for the Ni bars with a length equal to or less than 250 nm, all other as-fabricated bars were si...

Geomorphic dynamics of alluvial rivers in response to upstream damming have substantial impacts on navigation, habitat protection, and channel stability. The purpose this study was determine how flow sediment regimes, meander characteristics affect the morphological adjustment bends Lower Jingjiang Reach (LJR) before after Three Gorges Project (TGP). Based detailed field measurements hydrologic...

Surface appearance (brightness and color) of an object in the scene depends on the properties of the surfaces surrounding the object (spatial induction). Size of the surrounding is one of the important influential properties. For example, a larger surrounding induces stronger contrast to the object than a smaller surrounding. Then would size-scaling of the scene alter the appearance? This quest...

Accurately inferring the state of a quantum device from the results of measurements is a crucial task in building quantum information processing hardware. The predominant state estimation procedure, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), generally reports an estimate with zero eigenvalues. These cannot be justified. Furthermore, the MLE estimate is incompatible with error bars, so conclusions dra...

INTERNATIONAL GROUPING Standard, innovative and unusual gold bars, manufactured around the world, can be grouped into 55 categories. This supplement provides concise information and a photograph of each category. The grouping by Grendon International Research (GIR) relies on information derived from associated GIR projects: The Industry Catalogue of Gold Bars Worldwide and The Industry Collecti...

Stellar bars are important internal drivers of secular evolution in disk galaxies. Using a sample of nearby spiral galaxies with weak and strong bars, we explore the relationships between the star formation feature and stellar bars in galaxies. We find that galaxies with weak bars tend to be coincide with low concentrical star formation activity, while those with strong bars show a large scatte...

Guided wave technique could be a possible method for monitoring components working in high temperature above 350 °C. However, this would require the design of an appropriate waveguide bar to transmit the wave, so that its sensing part is not influenced by the high temperature. In the present study, the shape of waveguide bars is designed based on the analysis of wave source characteristics. The...

When chemicals are applied using irrigation systems, there is potential for contamination of the water source by backflow if the irrigation system shuts off while unattended. This study was conducted to determine the operating and performance characteristics of new, i.e., unused, chemigation backflow prevention assemblies (CBPAs). Four manufacturer's models were tested in the laboratory. Howeve...

In this study, participants (N = 223) were randomised to visualise snacking on fruit, visualise snacking on biscuit bars or no visualisation, and intentions and attitudes towards fruit and biscuit bars, immediate selection of fruit or biscuit bars and subsequent consumption were measured. No effects of visualising snacking on fruit were found once background variables were taken into account. V...

Results from the modelling of bars in nearly 300 galaxies are used to test predictions from theoretical work on the evolution of bars. Correlations are found between bar ellipticity and boxiness, between bar strength and normalised size, between the normalised sizes of bars and bulges, and between normalised bar size and bulge-to-total ratio. Bars with different ellipticities follow parallel li...