Chapter IIntroduction Introduction........................................................... 3 Epidemiology and Transmition.................................... 5 H.pylori virulence.....................................................8 Gastro duodenal pathology and immunity............................14 Vitamin B12 deficiency and Pernicious Anemia.................17 Pernicious Anemia..............

background : it has been suggested that inflammatory state due to obesity can lead to alteration in iron metabolism. women in reproductive age are at higher risk of iron deficiency. in this study, we aimed to evaluate inflammatory status and iron markers in young overweight and obese women. subjects and methods: in this study, 120 young and healthy women with a bmi ≥ 25 kg/m2 were enrolled. bio...

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is a rare syndrome characterized by predisposition to infections caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as those in bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and environmental mycobacteria. Salmonellosis has been reported in almost half of affected patients. Patients are also vulnerable to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Several ...

to the editor: Ramaekers et al. (May 12 issue)1 report 28 patients with the cerebral folate deficiency syndrome characterized by decreased levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) in the cerebrospinal fluid caused by autoantibodies’ blocking of folate transport into the brain. The patients benefited from folinic acid supplementation. The clinical features of this syndrome fit with other neuro...

Haemoglobin A2 levels were measured in 50 patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, 50 patients with folate deficiency, and six patients with combined deficiencies of these vitamins. All were normal except for three patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, who had a slightly elevated Hb A2 level; this fell to normal after vitamin B12 therapy. It is concluded that haemoglobin A2 levels are usually norm...

We prospectively studied 478 patients with megaloblastic anemia living in Tunisia. Overall, 98% of patients had vitamin B12 deficiency. Pernicious anemia accounted for most of these cases, and median age at presentation was 45 years. Megaloblastic anemia occurred in 19 subjects under 15 years of age, and of these, nine had the Immerslund-Graesbeck syndrome.

BACKGROUND Folate and vitamin B12 are essential nutrients, whose deficiencies are considerable public health problems worldwide, affecting all age groups. Low levels of these vitamins have been associated with high concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) and can lead to health complications. Several genetic polymorphisms affect the metabolism of these vitamins. The aims of this study were to asses...

The concentration of total vitamin B12 in serum is not a sufficiently sensitive or specific indicator for the reliable diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. Victor Herbert proposed a model for the staged development of vitamin B12 deficiency, in which holotranscobalamin (HoloTC) is the first indicator of deficiency. Based on this model, a commercial immunoassay has been controversially promoted ...

Dietary deficiency of cobalamin resulting in tissue deficiency in white individuals is unusual. However, several patients with dietary deficiency who were neither vegan nor Hindu have been described. This report describes the case of a 14 year old boy who was a white non-Hindu with a very low intake of cobalamin, which was not apparent until a detailed dietary assessment was performed. The pati...

56 patients were studied in an attempt to define neurologic complications associated with folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency. 2 patients had abnormal levels of vitamin B12. 1 of these showed decreased vibRATORY SENSE IN THE LEGS. 10 of 15 patients with serum folate less than 4.0 ng per ml and 16 of 23 patients with serum folate less than 6.0 ng per ml by radioassay had neurologic abnormaliti...