Bu makale Bizans imparatoru II. Manuel Palaiologos’un (1350-1425) tahta çıkmadan önce, Selanik yöneticisiyken yazdığı bir söylevi incelemektedir. 1382-1387 yılları arasında Selanik’i babası V. Ioannes’ten bağımsız şekilde yöneten Manuel, aynı zamanda onun Osmanlılara karşı uzlaşmacı tutumunu reddetmiş ve onlarla çatışmaya girmiştir. nedenle, 1383 senesinde Sultan I. Murad’ın emriyle kuşatılmışt...

Abstract This is a follow-up paper of Goldner (Math Z 297(1–2):133–174, 2021), where rational curves in surfaces that satisfy general positioned point and cross-ratio conditions were enumerated. A suitable correspondence theorem provided Tyomkin (Adv Math 305:1356–1383, 2017) allowed us to use tropical geometry, and, particular, degeneration technique called floor diagrams . also holds higher d...

The spatial and temporal span of hydrological impact the “Little Ice Age” (LIA) in north-western Himalaya is not well constrained due to data limitation. We evaluated a network tree-ring chronologies from moisture-stressed ecological settings Jammu Kashmir identify LIA over western Himalaya. Our study reflects three centennial scale phases; middle phase (1650s–1850s CE) with stable precipitatio...

In the late medieval period, a prominent trade route led from Prague through Regensburg to Venice. Silver mined in Bohemian hinterland was traded for luxury items Near East. The merchant house of Runtinger made vast profits by buying cloth and luxuries cheaply Venice—in particular spices India—and selling them exchange comparatively large quantities silver Prague. This study treats their ledger...