In a previous investigation it was established that in pregnant women drinking water with a medium fluoride concentration, 0.5-0.6 ppm F, the mean F-value of the placenta is significantly higher than that in the cord blood or the maternal blood. The findings under such conditions suggest that the placenta accumulates fluoride and regulates its transfer to the fetus.' In the present study the ro...

Sir, Ludlow et al. [1] only confirmed that our knowledge of the potential adverse effects of chronic low fluoride supplementation of drinking water on normal or diseased kidneys is insufficient. More than 60 years after water fluoridation, there is no high-level evidence as most published studies are small, have methological deficiencies or are otherwise flawed. There are two areas of concern r...

Arsenic is a Group I human carcinogen, and chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water is a major threat to human population. Liver is one of the major organs for the detoxification of arsenic. The present study was carried out in mice in vivo after arsenic treatment through drinking water at different doses and time of exposure. Arsenic toxicity is found to be mediated by reactive oxygen s...

The nongenotoxic-cytotoxic carcinogen chloroform induces liver necrosis, regenerative cell proliferation, and, eventually, liver tumors in female B6C3F1 mice when administered by gavage at doses of 238 or 477 mg/kg/d. Administration of 1800 ppm of chloroform in the drinking water results in similar daily doses but does not produce liver toxicity or cancer. The differential-display technique was...

Fluoridation of drinking water supply has been hailed as one of the top ten public health achievements of the twentieth century. At an optimal level of 1.0 ppm, it is considered the most costeffective, safe and efficient strategy of reducing dental decay in all social strata of the community. The anticariogenic mechanism of fluoride does not differentiate between the benefits of topical fluorid...

Sodium selenate and sodium selenite are used as supplements to poultry and livestock feed to promote growth and prevent selenium deficiency diseases. Both compounds have been found in chemical waste sites. Thirteen-week toxicity studies were conducted by administering the chemicals to groups of male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice in drinking water. Animals were evaluated for hematology,...

BACKGROUND Only a few studies to evaluate groundwater fluoride in Eastern Africa have been undertaken outside the volcanic belt of the Great Eastern Africa Rift Valley. The extent and impact of water fluoride outside these regions therefore remain unclear. The current study evaluated fluoride levels in household water sources in Bondo-Rarieda Area in the Kenyan part of the Lake Victoria Basin (...

The experiment aimed to study the influences of drinking natural saline water on thermoregulation, blood constituents and semen quality of White Leghorn cocks under heat stress in desert conditions. A total number of 60 cocks (22-wk-old and body weight of 1555 g ± 36.11) were divided randomly into four equal groups which in turn divided randomly into three equal replicates. The 1 st treatment (...

Deep-sea water (DSW), which is rich in micronutrients and minerals and with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities, may be developed as marine drugs to provide intestinal protection against duodenal ulcers. We determined several characteristics in the modified DSW. We explored duodenal pressure, oxygenation, microvascular blood flow, and changes in pH and oxidative redox potential (ORP) va...

Universal drinking water and beverages containing moderate to high levels of magnesium (10–100 ppm) could potentially prevent 4.5 million heart disease and stroke deaths per year, worldwide. This potential is calculated with 2010 global mortality figures combined with a recent quantification of water-magnesium’s inverse association with heart disease and stroke mortality. The modern processed f...