We analyze Boolean functions using a recently proposed measure of their complexity. This complexity measure, motivated by the aim of relating the complexity of the functions with the generalization ability that can be obtained when the functions are implemented in feed-forward neural networks, is the sum of two components. The first of these is related to the ‘average sensitivity’ of the functi...

A total of 166 individuals from 10 bird species belonging to the family Turdidae were examined for chewing lice in Costa Rica during 2004, 2009 and 2010. A total of 12 species of the louse genus Myrsidea were collected from 54 birds, including four previously named, seven new undescribed species, and one identified as Myrsidea sp. Names, descriptions and illustrations are given for the seven ne...

This study explores the relationship between societal integration of African Americans and its influences on group's art painting in pre-and-post-Civil War periods, i.e., from 1619-1865 1865-1965, United States America. It seeks to explore a greater social artwork over time - themes elements art, lines colours. draws upon John Dewey’s theory as experience Erwin Panofsky's Thematic analysis (Ico...

Modern texts continue to cite Broca's 1861 study of a single patient, Tan, as the first definitive localization of a cerebral function, specifically, articulate speech. We describe the development of Broca's theory from his initial support in 1861 for Bouillaud's view that speech is localized in both frontal lobes to his description in 1865 of a center for articulate speech in the third left fr...

Traducción de “Du progrès dans les sciences physiologiques”, primeramente publicado en la Revue des deux mondes (58(35)(1865): 640-663), y luego reeditado La science expérimental (Bernard, C., expérimental, Paris: Baillière, pp.38-98).

Nearctic species of Iphthiminus Spilman (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are revised by examining external morphological structures and genital characters. Of the six Nearctic species, only three are considered valid: Iphthiminus serratus (Mannerheim 1843), I. opacus (Leconte 1866), and I. lewisii (Horn 1870). Photographs are taken to highlight structures and a key is created to identify the species...