background candiduria is one of the most common symptoms of urinary tract infections caused by several species of candida spp. several antifungals are available to treat such candidal infections. during the last decades, resistance to antifungal especially to non-albicans species has increased. objectives the present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to antifungal drugs of candida spec...

Viral infection sets in motion a cascade of immune responses, including both CXCR5+CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that regulate humoral immunity and CCR5+CD4+ T cells that mediate cell-mediated immunity. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the majority of memory CD4+ T cells appear to fall into either of these two lineages, CCR5-CXCR5+ or CCR5+CXCR5-. Very high titers of anti-HIV IgG a...

in our previous study, we compared the two α-amylase enzymes from bacillus sp.kr8104, bka∆(n44) and bka∆(n44c193) which is the secreted form of it. the results indicated that the presence of 193 amino acids propeptide in the c-terminal of bka∆(n44) changed its enzymatic parameters like an uncompetitive inhibitor in comparison to bka∆(n44c193). in the present study, we cloned the dna sequence of...

objective: hepatitis c virus is the major cause of viral hepatitis and its diagnosis in suspected specimens is of great importance. the risk of transfusion- transmitted virus infection is primarily the result of failure in serological screening tests to detect recently infected donors in the pre-seroconversion window period of infection. therefore, sensitive and accurate diagnosis of hcv prior ...

influenza c virus possesses specific neuraminate-o-acetylesterase as a receptor-destroying function. this enzymatic activity of the viral glycoprotein hef (hemagglutinin, esterase activity and fusion factor) can be visualized in situ by the use of distinct color substrates. hereby the localization, as well as the quantity of synthesized hef protein is detectable. we further developed the estera...

abstract one way of the increasing saline tolerance in citrus plants is grafting of sensitive commercial cultivars on to tolerant rootstocks. sweet lime (citrus limetta) is one of the most sensitive species to salinity of soil and water, and under such conditions, drastic reduction of both vegetative and yield occured. this reaserch was conducted in completely randomaized design with factorial ...