I NSIGHT into normal and abnormal cell growth and differentiation may be obtained by identifying and analyzing the activity of highly specific genes, called oncogenes, whose coding sequences contain the information necessary to initiate and maintain neoplastic transformation. The identification of oncogenes and the characterization of the structure and function of these genes have progressed ra...

The semantic function tags of Bonial, Stowe, and Palmer (2013) and the ordinal, multi-property annotations of Reisinger et al. (2015) draw inspiration from Dowty’s semantic proto-role theory. We approach proto-role labeling as a multi-label classification problem and establish strong results for the task by adapting a successful model of traditional semantic role labeling. We achieve a proto-ro...

Activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) occur during multistage carcinogenesis. Proto-oncogenes are activated by gene amplification, point mutation and chromosomal translocation, while TSGs are inactivated by promoter CpG hypermethylation, point mutation, chromosomal translocation, and deletion. Array CGH combined with mRNA microarray analysis is applied ...

Specific chromosomal changes are consistently associated with several morphologically or histologically distinct forms of cancer [1]. In a few hematolymphoid malignancies, chromosomal translocations are known to occur near or within the cytologic loci for cellular homologues of retroviral-encoded oncogenes [2]. For example, both the c-abl and c-myc proto-oncogenes are targets for interchromosom...

The proto-galaxy, cB58, was discovered in the CNOC survey of cluster redshifts. Absorption features reveal that this system is at a redshift of z = 2 : 72, implying an absolute magnitude of M v 26, and a star-formation rate of 4700M yr 1 , making it the most \active" star-forming galaxy. This proto-galaxy is observed to lie close (6 00) to a central cluster galaxy at z = 0 : 373. The X-ray prop...

The first structures were proto-voids formed in the primordial plasma when viscous and weak turbulence forces balanced gravitational forces at the scale of causal connection LH ≡ ct ≈ LSV ≡ (γν/ρG) 1/2 ≈ LST ≡ ε /(ρG) at time t ≈ 30 000 years (10 s) the age of the universe, with c the speed of light, γ ≈ 1/t the rate of strain, ν the kinematic viscosity, and LSV and LST Gibson’s 1996 viscous an...

This preliminary research was aimed at finding the roots in various Eurasian proto-languages directly related to pulses and giving the words denoting the same in modern European languages. Six Proto-Indo-European roots were indentified, namely arnk(')- ('a leguminous plant'), *bhabh- ('field bean'), *[Formula: see text] ('a kernel of leguminous plant', 'pea'), ghArs- ('a leguminous plant'), *ke...

The transforming (onc) genes of oncogenic retroviruses share most or all of their coding sequences with normal cellular genes termed proto-onc genes. The viral genes differ from proto-onc genes in virus-specific promoters and in various point mutations and substitutions of cell-derived coding regions. In view of the structural similarities between viral oncogenes and cellular proto-onc genes, t...