Many species of plants are found in regions to which they are alien. Their global distributions are characterised by a family of exponential functions of the kind that arise in elementary statistical mechanics (an example in ecology is MacArthur’s broken stick). We show here that all these functions are quantitatively reproduced by a model containing a single parameter—some global resource part...

This is a draft of a chapter for a book, Modification, in preparation for the Cambridge University Press series Key Topics in Semantics and Pragmatics. The full manuscript is also available as a single document on my website, as are some additional chapters. The book is something between a textbook for people who already have a basic background in semantics and a survey of work in the area. For...

Human communication has a remarkable capacity to describe events that occurred elsewhere and at other times. In particular, when describing complex narratives, speakers must communicate temporal structure using a mixture of words (e.g., “after”), gestures (e.g., pointing rightward for a later event), and discourse structure (e.g., mentioning earlier events first). How do listeners integrate the...

The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) operates 10 sexually transmitted disease (STD) walk-in clinics offering various free services, including confidential or anonymous testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In January 2004, the STD clinics introduced on-site rapid HIV testing of finger-stick whole-blood specimens using the OraQuick(R) brand test (OraSur...

World Health Organization reports in the World Health Report 2002, that of the 35 million health-care workers, 2 million experience percutaneous exposure to infectious diseases each year. In addition, it shows that 37.6% of hepatitis B, 39% of hepatitis C and 4.4% of HIV/AIDS in health-care workers around the world are due to needle stick injuries [1]. During 2002 to 2007, it has been reported ...

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is formed by a cluster of mobile hosts, each installed with a wireless transceiver, without the assistance of base stations. Due to the transmission range constraint of transceivers, two mobile hosts can communicate with each other either directly, if they are close enough, or indirectly, by having other mobile hosts relay their packets. Several routing protocols...

instrument breakage during treatment can lead to serious complications and carries the risk of treatment failure. when a file breaks in the canal, bypassing or removal can be difficult and the long-term prognosis of the tooth may be compromised. sometimes surgery may be indicated for removal of the broken segment. often some part of the root cannot be cleaned because of blockage by the broken f...

This paper introduces and analyzes a simply demonstrated tactile illusion. The tactile illusion described here is named the “chopstick” illusion since it can be easily demonstrated using a pair of wooden chopsticks. This illusion is demonstrated by moving one’s fingers up a broken-off wooden chopstick with the fingertips of the thumb and index finger. As two chopsticks are separated, an angled ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of video-game experience and flight-stick position on flying performance. The study divided participants into 2 groups; center- and side-stick groups, which were further divided into high and low level of video-game experience subgroups. The experiment consisted of 7 sessions of simulated flying, and in the last session, the flight stick co...