Lactose permease is an integral membrane protein that uses the cell membrane's proton gradient for import of lactose. Based on extensive biochemical data and a substrate-bound crystal structure, intermediates involved in lactose/H(+) co-transport have been suggested. Yet, the transport mechanism, especially the coupling of protonation states of essential residues and protein conformational chan...

Biochemical, luminescence and mass spectroscopy approaches indicate that Trp-151 (helix V) plays an important role in hydrophobic stacking with the galactopyranosyl ring of substrate and that Glu-269 (helix VIII) is essential for substrate affinity and specificity. The x-ray structure of the lactose permease (LacY) with bound substrate is consistent with these conclusions and suggests that a po...

Background: Therapeutic and diagnosis properties of radioactive gold nanoparticle (198-AuNPs) cause them to be suitable for detection and treatment of tumors.Objective: Electrical and optical properties of PEG-198AuNPs were examined in this paper. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-198 AuNPs can be used for treatment and diagnosis of small intestine tumors.Methods: Wireless fluorescence capsule endoscop...

3 Non-linear Objective functions 4 3.1 Production problem with set-up costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2 Piecewise linear cost function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3 Piecewise linear convex cost function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.4 Disjunctive constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

The in vitro activities of five new quinoline-carboxylic acids against 2 reference strains and 45 clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis of genital origin were compared with the activities of minocycline and doxycycline. Ofloxacin was the third most active agent (after the two tetracyclines), followed by ciprofloxacin, NY-198, and AM-833.

The in vitro activities of three newly developed quinolone drugs (T-3262, NY-198, and fleroxacin [AM-833; RO 23-6240]) against 10 strains of clinically isolated Chlamydia trachomatis were assessed and compared with those of other quinolones and minocycline. T-3262 (MIC for 90% of isolates tested, 0.1 microgram/ml) was the most active of the quinolones. The NY-198 and fleroxacin MICs for 90% of ...