The study area of Marand city is 45 ° 46 'east longitude and 38 ° 26' north latitude and is located in the northwest of East Azarbaijan province and 60 km northwest of Tabriz province. Unfortunately, in recent years, the development of countries, including Iran, has led to more exploitation and improper use of groundwater resources, which reduces these resources and does not control the amount ...

The main text introduces the model framework for ICE age Chemistry And Proxies (ICECAP), a project focused on paleo-chemistry at and since the Last Glacial Maximum. The framework includes the GEOS-Chem 3-D global chemical transport model (CTM; http://www.geos-chem.org), driven by archived meteorology from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) ModelE general circulation model (GCM...

As widespread deserts is located in west and southwest of Iran plateau, dust storms form due to west andsouthwest systems over Syria or Iraq as well as Arabian Peninsula. These systems severely affect west and southwestregions. Sometimes the fine dusts transmit to central, north east, and east regions. In this study for investigating dustysynoptical patterns, meteorological data at 5 synoptic s...

This contribution is the first of a two-part investigation into an unseasonal post-sunset equatorial F-region irregularity (EFI) event over the Southeast Asian region on the evening of 28 July 2014. Ground-based GPS scintillation data, space-based GPS radio occultation (RO) data, and ionosonde data show the existence of EFIs shortly after sunset over a region spanning 30° in longitude and 40° i...

Observations and simulations link anthropogenic greenhouse and aerosol emissions with rapidly increasing Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Over the past 60 years, the Indian Ocean warmed two to three times faster than the central tropical Pacific, extending the tropical warm pool to the west by *40 longitude ([4,000 km). This propensity toward rapid warming in the Indian Ocean has b...

Several studies have reported climate-associated changes in phenotypically plastic traits of amphibians, yet it remains unknown whether amphibians can manifest an evolutionary response to global climate change at the rate and magnitude that it is occurring. To assess this issue, we examined temporal change in the morphology of the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus), a small, abundant wo...

The growing expansion of agricultural activities without consideration of the potentialities and limitations of land constitutes a potential source of environment degradation. This work aimed to evaluate the physical proprieties of lands in the micro bosin of Una, Sapé in the state of Paraiba, Brazil, using the classification of the land use capacity . The area is located in the eastern part of...

The main text introduces the model framework for ICE age Chemistry And Proxies (ICECAP), a project focused on paleo-chemistry at and since the Last Glacial Maximum. The framework includes the GEOS-Chem 3-D global chemical transport model (CTM; http://www.geos-chem.org), driven by archived meteorology from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) ModelE general circulation model (GCM...

The genesis of Hurricane Hernan (1996) in the eastern Pacific was investigated using gridded analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and gridded outgoing longwave radiation. Hernan developed in association with a wave in the easterlies that could be tracked back to Africa in longitude–time plots of the filtered y component of the wind (2–6-day period) at 700 mb. The...