The article discusses topical issues of increasing the level professional competence customs officials in process service order to minimize functional manifestations destructive conflicts, personnel risks and stress. purpose this study is develop guidelines for improving system development officials. authors carried out a comparative analysis scientific research, results which are practical imp...

As the experience of Russia and some Eastern European countries has demonstrated, economic reform is difficult to carry out when the rank-and-file officials or bureaucrats to whom authorities must turn to implement change resist the reforms in order to protect their vested interests. Drawing on an unusual longitudinal survey data set for a representative rural county in northern China, we show ...