The primary aim was to study the relationship between individual serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 4b-hydroxycholesterol, which is an endogenous biomarker of the drug-metabolizing CYP3A enzymes. In addition, the relationship between this biomarker and inflammation, measured as C-reactive protein (CRP), was investigated. Serum samples were used from a recently performed clinical trial in p...

We analyzed the pathogenicity of various serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes using a Balb/c mouse intravenous injection model. The survival rates of mice inoculated with strains NS1/2b (serotype 1/2b), NS3b (serotype 3b) and NS 4b (serotype 4b) were 60, 63.6 and 63.6%, respectively. Although the survival rates were similar, the bacterial growth in the liver of NS3b-infected mice was 144.5-fold ...

The bromo-substituted bisdiselenazolyl radical 4b (R(1) = Et, R(2) = Br) is isostructural with the corresponding chloro-derivative 4a (R(1) = Et, R(2) = Cl), both belonging to the tetragonal space group P(4)2(1)m and consisting of slipped π-stack arrays of undimerized radicals. Variable temperature, ambient pressure conductivity measurements indicate a similar room temperature conductivity near...

Four initiation factors (eIF-2, -3, -4B, and -4F), previously shown to be phosphorylated in vivo, are each phosphorylated to a significant extent in vitro (greater than 0.3 mol of phosphate/mol of factor) by at least three different protein kinases. An S6 kinase from liver, an active form of protease-activated kinase II which modifies the same sites on S6 as those phosphorylated in vivo in resp...

The oligomeric structure of bacteriophage T7 gene 4 helicase/primase proteins was investigated using protein cross-linking and high pressure gel-filtration chromatography. Studies were carried out with both 4A' and 4B proteins. 4A' is a M64L mutant of 4A which has similar helicase and primase activities as the wild-type mixture of 4A and 4B proteins (Patel, S. S., Rosenberg, A. H., Studier, F. ...

Relationships between the M and P retino-geniculo-cortical visual pathways and "dorsal" visual areas were investigated by measuring the sources of local excitatory input to individual neurons in layer 4B of primary visual cortex. We found that contributions of the M and P pathways to layer 4B neurons are dependent on cell type. Spiny stellate neurons receive strong M input through layer 4Calpha...

Primary visual cortex recombines inputs from magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) streams to create functionally specialized outputs. Understanding these input-output relationships is complicated by the fact that layer 4B, which provides outputs to dorsal visual areas, contains multiple cell types. Using a modified rabies virus that expresses green fluorescent protein, we show that layer 4B ...

Zur Therapie der idiopathischen Lungenfibrose (IPF) stehen derzeit 2 zugelassene antifibrotisch wirkende Medikamente zur Verfügung: Nintedanib und Pirfenidon. Beide können das Fortschreiten Fibrose lediglich verlangsamen. Phosphodiesterase-Hemmer (PDE-Hemmer) wirken antiinflammatorisch antifibrotisch, kommen also als Therapieoption infrage. Insbesondere Inhibitoren des PD-Subtyps 4B sind mit ve...

The products of three human homeobox containing (HOX) genes, 2C, 3C and 4B, were produced in insect cells using the Baculovirus expression system and purified to near homogeneity. In this system we observed that the DNA binding forms of the three proteins are not glycosylated. HOX 3C and 4B are phosphorylated in insect cells, while HOX 2C is not. The three HOX proteins bind to a DNA sequence kn...