Winter acclimatization among passerine birds involves metabolic adjustments that allow for high rates of thermogenesis. In previous studies, we observed geographic variation in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of overwintering cardinals along a latitudinal gradient at two different longitudinal transects. Because thyroid hormones (THs) are important for metabolic adjustments in endotherms, we det...

Two-weekly AVHRR images were used to examine spatial patterns of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and their relationships with environmental variables for moist acidic tundra (MAT) and moist non-acidic tundra (MNT) along two latitudinal transects in northern Alaska. The NDVI database was derived from a 5-yr time series (1995-1999) of two-weekly AVHRR composites for Alaska. A di...

BACKGROUND Malnutrition is still prevalent worldwide, and its severity, which differs between regions and countries, has led to international organisations proposing its inclusion in the global development framework that will succeed the Millennium Development Goals (post-2015 framework). In Sub-Saharan Africa, malnutrition is particularly severe, among women and children under 5 years. The pre...

1. Bumblebee nests are difficult to find in sufficient numbers for well replicated studies. Counts of nest-searching queens in spring and early summer have been used as an indication of preferred nesting habitat, but this relationship has not yet been validated; high densities of nest-searching queens may indicate habitat with few nesting opportunities (meaning that queens have to spend longer ...

Nine healthy volunteers were studied on the seventh day of dosing at 21:00 h with nizatidine 150 mg (N 150), nizatidine 300 mg (N 300), ranitidine 300 mg (R 300), or placebo, given in a predetermined random order. The double-blind 24 hour studies, using the Royal Free Hospital standard protocol, simultaneously measured intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin concentration. Compared with placebo...

In November 2009, an autonomous underwater glider (AUG) was deployed for a period of 12 days on the Wisconsin Shelf of Lake Superior. During this period, the AUG made repeated cross-shelf transects from 3 km to 13 km offshore, making 26 cross-shelf transects in all, during which time temperature was measured. Each of these transects displayed a mid-shelf temperature maximum roughly 8 km offshor...

Studies of a hybrid zone between two house mouse subspecies (Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus) along with studies using laboratory crosses reveal a large role for the X chromosome and multiple autosomal regions in reproductive isolation as a consequence of disrupted epistasis in hybrids. One limitation of previous work has been that most of the identified genomic regions have been lar...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to assess which personal characteristics and external factors are important contributors to eventual success. METHODS The authors distributed a survey to all members of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons and asked responders to rate the importance of 10 preselected qualities in contributing to their personal success. Survey outcomes were analy...

The North Pacific Ocean is located at the end of thermohaline circulation deep water. This study reports on basin-scale full-depth sectional distributions total dissolvable (td), dissolved (d), and labile particulate (lp) Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu along three transects: GEOTRACES transects GP18 (165°E) GP02 (47°N), 160°W. We find that scavenging an important factor significantly affects dZn, dNi, dCu, whi...