Electromigration tests of SnAg solder bump samples with 15 μm bump height and Cu under-bump-metallization (UBM) were performed. The test conditions were 1.45 ˆ 104 A/cm2 at 185 ̋C and 1.20 ˆ 104 A/cm2 at 0 ̋C. A porous Cu3Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) structure was observed to form within the bumps after several hundred hours of current stressing. In direct comparison, annealing alone at 185 ...

The objective of this paper is to study the existence of solitary wave solutions of a fifth order model equation for steady capillary-gravity waves over a bump with the Bond number near 1/3. We proved that there exist solitary wave solutions of the model equation for a sufficiently smooth compact bump. Key-Words: Steady capillary-gravity wave, Solitary wave solution, Compact bump.

We present observational estimates of the magnitude difference between the luminosity function red giant branch bump and the horizontal branch (∆F555W HB ), and of star counts in the bump region (Rbump), for a sample of 54 Galactic globular clusters observed by the HST. The large sample of stars resolved in each cluster, and the high photometric accuracy of the data allowed us to detect the bum...

In this note we construct a C∞-smooth, LFC (Locally depending on Finitely many Coordinates) bump function, in every separable Banach space admitting a continuous, LFC bump function.

We present a comparison between theoretical models and the observed magnitude difference between the horizontal branch and the red giant branch bump for a sample of 53 clusters. We find a general agreement, though some discrepancy is still present at the two extremes of the metallicity range of globular clusters. 1. The red giant branch bump The ‘bump’ is an intrinsic feature of the red giant b...

In this article, we derive optimal relaxation rates for the Cahn-Hilliard equation on one-dimensional torus and line. We consider initial conditions with a finite (but not small) L1-distance to an appropriately defined bump. The result extends method developed previously single transition layer (the “kink”) case of two layers “bump”). As in previous work, tools include Nash-type inequalities, d...

Common non-wheel-thrown Roman pottery from the southern Aquitania and north-eastern of Tarraconensis provinces (CNT-AQTA) Early Later Empire (1st to 5th centuries AD) has been studied. Petrological, mineralogical, chemical analyses were conducted contrast with archaeological study pottery. The composition many samples displays different patterns burial modification, limiting their use for prove...

sensorless speed torque control of induction machines has been widely used in many industrial applications. the simple method of direct vector control can provide tacholess control as well as more complex approaches. in this method, the motor flux can be obtained by measuring voltage and current and integrating motor back electromotive force. the only required motor parameter is stator resistan...

In this Letter, we study stationary bump solutions in a pair of interacting excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) neural fields in one dimension. We demonstrate the existence of localized bump solutions of persistent activity that can be maintained by the pair of interacting layers when a stationary bump is not supported by either layer in isolation--a scenario which may be relevant as a mechanism for th...

The commissioning period is challenging both for provider and user of accelerator operation software. With increasing knowledge of the specific accelerator new functionalities and methods become important. The variety of implemented features grows until certain standard procedures are settled and the programs can be simplified again for the all day tasks. It is not too difficult to provide the ...