This paper will describe a voyage of discovery — the discovery of Algorithmic Probability. But before I describe that voyage —a few words about motivation. Motivation in science is roughly of two kinds: In one, the motivation is discovery itself — the joy of “going where no one has gone before” — the excitement of creating new universes and exploring them. Another kind of motivation is the achi...

The Portuguese sailed yearly on the India Route during over two centuries, between the early XVI century and the XVIII century. Most ships employed in this route belonged to the Nau type and were among the largest and strongest ships of their time. Although extremely interesting, there is presently very little knowledge about the technical characteristics of these ships. The reason is that they...

E in scope and inductive in method, Sir Lawrence Freedman’s grand volume: Strategy: A History, presents the fruits of a life-long exploration into the meaning and utility of the concept of strategy. In many respects an intellectual voyage of discovery, Freedman begins by describing the evolution of strategy through its pre-Napoleonic history and then, in turns, explores its development and use ...

اثرات ویرانگر بلایای طبیعی، اهمیت لجستیک و برنامه‌ریزی منابع انسانی را در مراحل قبل بعد از بحران نشان می‌دهد. هنگام بروز به ‌منظور امدادرسانی سریع، شبکه سلسله ‌مراتبی سلامت که شامل درمانگاه‌ها بیمارستان‌ها است، فعال می‌شود. این پژوهش با استفاده مدل ریاضی مختلط عدد صحیح درنظرگرفتن موقعیت فعلی درمانگاه‌ها، مکان‌های بهینه‌ای عنوان «مراکز درمان موقت» تعیین نحوه تخصیص بهینه مصدومان ناحیه‌های شهری مر...

Nicotine is an addictive alkaloid in cigarette smoke and is responsible for tobacco dependence. It is important to consider the bloodto-liver transport of nicotine to understand the nicotine elimination from the body because most of the nicotine is converted to inactive metabolites by cytochrome P450 localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. In this study, the blood-to-liver tr...

Nicotine is an addictive alkaloid in cigarette smoke and is responsible for tobacco dependence. It is important to consider the bloodto-liver transport of nicotine to understand the nicotine elimination from the body because most of the nicotine is converted to inactive metabolites by cytochrome P450 localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. In this study, the blood-to-liver tr...

Evidence is presented that the first images of maize in Europe are to be found in the festoons painted by Giovanni Martini da Udine about 1515–1517 that surround the frescoes designed by Raphael Sanzio in the fabulous residence, now known as the Villa Farnesina, of the Sienese banker Agostino Chigi. Additional representations of maize by the same artist painted in 1517–1519 are included in fest...