Background: Chest CT is a commonly used examination for the diagnosis of lung diseases, but a breast within the scanned field is nearly never the organ of interest.Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the female breast and lung doses using split and standard protocols in chest CT scanning.Materials and Methods: The sliced chest and breast female phantoms were used. CT exams were p...

Characteristics of Viruses ..............................................................................................................2 Structure and life cycle...........................................................................................................2 General features of foodborne viruses....................................................................................3 En...

background and objective: stop-bang questionnaire is a well-known obstructive sleep apnea (osa) screening tool. this study aimed to evaluate that patients with high probability of osa in stop-bang questionnaire meet the criteria for assessment by split-night polysomnography (psg). materials and methods: patients who were admitted to three sleep clinics and underwent full-night psg entered into ...

The recently published Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use reflection paper on flexible designs highlights a controversial issue regarding the interpretation of adaptive trials. The guideline suggests that a test for heterogeneity should be preplanned and if treatment effect estimates differ significantly between design stages then data collected before and after the interim analysis...

In the early 1990’s, occasional incidents of transmission of enveloped viruses (hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV)) and other blood-borne viruses, including hepatitis A virus (HAV) occurred with plasma-derived medicinal products. As a result, the effectiveness of processes for inactivation/ removal of enveloped viruses was increased. In addition, the Committee on Proprietary Medicinal Produc...

An original technique, Spectral Self-Interference Fluorescence Microscopy (SSFM), can determine the location of fluorescent markers above a reflecting surface with sub-nanometer precision. SSFM was used to resolve the position of a fluorescent marker bound to either the top or the bottom leaflet of a lipid bilayer – the difference in distance is only 4 nm. SSFM is a valuable tool in studying th...

Since late 2000s, economic growth has gained increasing attention, while economic development became the ultimate objective of the national policies. Recently regional income disparities rose as a critical factor of regional development policies, as people started to recognize relative poverty from the drastic national economic growth with huge income gap between social classes. Wilkinson and P...

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