BACKGROUND The high mortality of severe anorexia nervosa causes clinicians to consider any legal avenues for coercing acutely-ill patients to remain in treatment or refeeding programs, such as mental health laws or adult guardianship laws. METHOD Review of pattern of laws for coercing treatment in various jurisdictions and retrospective file analysis over 4.7 years for a specialist anorexia u...

Does CyP play a role in HIV-1 replication? CyPA, the member of the CyP family that colocalizes with Gag in College of Physicians and Surgeons 701 West 168th Street the cytoplasm, is specifically incorporated into HIV-1 virions via interaction with the Gag polyprotein Gag binding to CyPA requires a proline-rich region located in the center of the CA domain, and mutation of a single proline, P90,...

BACKGROUND The use of seclusion is unpalatable to nurses and frequently unpleasant for patients. Time out is rated by nurses and patients as more acceptable. Several countries have initiated exercises to reduce the use of seclusion, but England has not. METHODS In this study, data were collected on the sequence of conflict (aggression, rule breaking, absconding etc.) and containment (coerced ...

Conflict (aggression, self-harm, suicide, absconding, substance/alcohol use and medication refusal) and containment (as required medication, coerced intramuscular medication, seclusion, manual restraint, special observation, etc.) place patients and staff at risk of serious harm. The frequency of these events varies between wards, but there are few explanations as to why this is so, and a coher...

IN THE PAST, THERE HAS BEEN A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO dealing with young offenders. Two main models which contended for legislative implementation internationally in the 1950s and 1960s were the "crime control" model and the "welfare" approach. The "crime control" approach advocates a tough response to offenders, particularly the use of custodial penalties for severe and persistent of...

This study examines the prevalence and associated factors of New York City public shelter use among young adults with histories of out-of-home care or nonplacement preventive services as teenagers. The study finds that 19 percent of former child welfare service users entered public shelters within 10 years of exit from child welfare. Persons with out-of-home placement histories are twice as lik...

This paper explores the role of value judgements in personal risk management through an in-depth case study involving a woman’s treatment for anal cancer. Julia (pseudonym) agreed to have her pre-treatment medical consultation recorded, and participated in two subsequent interviews. Delving into a single case makes it possible to understand why an individual makes decisions in relation to the o...