The neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a potentially life threatening illness associated with significant morbidity especially in the neonatal period. A case of NAS due to codeine prescribed for pain relief during pregnancy is reported. Clinicians should be aware that narcotic derivatives prescribed in late pregnancy can give rise to this type of problem.

This study explores Chatman’s proposition of the theory of life in the round that members of a small world who live in the round will not cross the boundaries of their world to seek information. The study tests Chatman’s proposition to find out whether it is applicable to the special population of Catholic clergy. The study was conducted with Catholic clergy from Northern Nigeria. Findings show...

BACKGROUND High-intensity smoking cessation programs generally lead to more continuous abstinence, however, lower rates of success have been reported among heavy smokers. The aim was to evaluate continuous abstinence among heavy smokers during the intensive 6-week Gold Standard Program (GSP) and to identify modifiable factors associated with continuous abstinence. METHODS In this nationwide c...

CONTEXT Little research has explored how teenagers think about abstinence and how it functions in their lives. These questions are particularly salient in light of widespread funding of abstinence-only programs in the United States. METHODS Data on attitudes and intentions related to abstinence and sex were collected from 365 adolescents aged 12-15 who participated in an HIV risk reduction pr...

PURPOSE Sexual abstinence has become the primary response to adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention. However, most abstinence programs are based on adult ideas of abstinence, and little is known about how adolescents themselves conceptualize sexual abstinence. METHODS In this qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured exploratory interviews with 42 adole...

Variation in the ejaculatory abstinence period suggested by different guidance bodies have resulted in a growing concern among researchers and clinicians over what the precise period of ejaculatory abstinence ought to be for an optimal semen sample. Several studies have thus been undertaken to examine the association between the length of sexual abstinence and semen characteristics. Not all stu...

In the early 1980s, conservative politicians in the United States argued that the federal government was promoting promiscuity by providing teens with confidential access to government-funded family planning services. Claiming the problem was not that young women were getting pregnant but that they were having sex, they promised a new national policy-one that would stress self-discipline and fa...

It appears that the literature on agonist maintenance therapies for opioid dependence pays more attention to outcomes during, rather than after, treatment. This review aims to (a) estimate to what extent opioid abstinence can be expected from former maintenance patients, (b) examine possible relationships between patient and treatment characteristics and abstinence rates and (c) assess the need...

This study examines outcome measures of abstinence among studies reporting 12-month outcomes of the nicotine transdermal patch using different measures of effectiveness. This was achieved by reviewing published randomized controlled studies reporting 1-year abstinence rates of the nicotine transdermal patch. Comparisons are made across studies of three outcome measures used to report abstinence...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of short-term and long-term heroin abstinence on brain responses to heroin-related cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS Eighteen male heroin addicts following short-term abstinence and 19 male heroin addicts following long-term abstinence underwent fMRI scanning while viewing heroin-related and neutral images. Cue-elicited craving ...