A deep problem in cognitive science is to explain the acquisition of abstract semantic relations, such as antonymy and synonymy. Are such relations necessarily part of an innate representational endowment provided to humans? Or, is it possible for a learning system to acquire abstract relations from non-relational inputs of realistic complexity (avoiding hand-coding)? We present a series of com...

Syntax Semantic Functions (needs: Abstract Syntax, Semantic Entities.) ADA abstractions, 2. AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

Machine learning offers a range of tools for training systems from data, but these methods are only as good as the underlying representation. This paper proposes to acquire representations for machine learning by reading text written to accommodate human learning. We propose a novel form of semantic analysis called reading to learn, where the goal is to obtain a high-level semantic abstract of ...

Interpretation has been proposed by P. Cousot and R. Cousot in [6]. The main idea is to “execute” the program on abstract values instead of concrete ones. 1.1 Theoretical basis 1.1.1 Semantic of programs The purpose of abstract interpretation is to approximate the semantics of a program, we therefore need to defined semantics. In abstract interpretation, the semantics considered are fixpoint-ba...

we deal with a wide range of colors in our daily life. they are such ubiquitous phenomena that is hard and next to impossible to imagine even a single entity (be it an object, place, living creature, etc) devoid of them. they are like death and tax which nobody can dispense with. this omnipresence of colors around us has also made its way through abstract and less tangible entities via the inte...

The method of organization of word meanings is a crucial issue with lexical databases. Our purpose in this research is to extract word hierarchies from corpora automatically. Our initial task to this end is to determine adjective hyperonyms. In order to find adjective hyperonyms, we utilize abstract nouns. We constructed linguistic data by extracting semantic relations between abstract nouns an...

Relative to abstract words, concrete words typically elicit faster response times and larger N400 and N700 event-related potential (ERP) brain responses. These effects have been interpreted as reflecting the denser links to associated semantic information of concrete words and their recruitment of visual imagery processes. Here, we examined whether there are ERP differences between concrete and...

Studies show that semantic effects may be task-specific, and thus, that semantic representations are flexible and dynamic. Such findings are critical to the development of a comprehensive theory of semantic processing in visual word recognition, which should arguably account for how semantic effects may vary by task. It has been suggested that semantic effects are more directly examined using t...

A consolidated approach to the study of the mental representation of word meanings has consisted in contrasting different domains of knowledge, broadly reflecting the abstract-concrete dichotomy. More fine-grained semantic distinctions have emerged in neuropsychological and cognitive neuroscience work, reflecting semantic category specificity, but almost exclusively within the concrete domain. ...

A semantics-based framework is presented for the definition and manipulation of class hierarchies for object-oriented languages. The framework is based on the notion of observable of a class, i.e., an abstraction of its semantics when focusing on a behavioral property of interest. We define a semantic subclass relation, capturing the fact that a subclass preserves the behavior of its superclass...