Abstract: Literary ethical literacy can be a potential for developing critical awareness learned from literary arts activities. This study explores the inspiration of practical ethics developed by Ibn Muqaffa 'in book Al-Adab al-Shagir wa al-Adab al-Kabir with characteristics. research was conducted using text analysis method on only one work stages collection, reading intact, selecting main se...

A. Talebian, S. S. Kordestani, A. Rashidi, F. Dadashian, and M. Montazer a Islamic Azad University, Shahre Rey Branch, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Textile Dep., b Tehran-Qom freeway, Tehran, Iran b Amir Kabir University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Hafez st., Tehran, Iran c Islamic Azad University, Science-Research Branch, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Textile Lab...

the second half of the third hijri century, coinciding with the reign of three caliphs, al-mu’tamid (256-79 ah), al-mu’tadhid (279-89 ah), and al-muktafi (289-95 ah), abbasids restored their authority and renewed their organization. this reform process which was began by abu ahmad al-muwaffaq (d. 278 ah) and reached its climax at the time of abu al-abbas al-mu’tadhid stood between two decline p...

Given the long roots of bay‘a (pledge of allegiance) in Islamic tradition and the controversial claim by the Islamic State (IS) to be a caliphate, the application of bay‘a to the group’s leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, and his project is a contested issue among radical Islamists. Based on secondary literature and IS ideologues’ own writings, this paper analyses IS’s claims of validity in their ca...

Gonococcaemia with arthritis and dermatitis was described in 1903 by Silvestrini. Subsequent reports, almost all from North America, distinguished two syndromes-one benign, with a mild fever, arthralgia or arthritis, and skin eruptions, and the other a serious illness with often fatal endocarditis (Levin and Silvers, 1937; Reitzel and Kohl, 1938; Williams, 1938). After the introduction of penic...