The theory of shock acceleration predicts the maximum particle energy to be limited only by the acceleration time and the size (geometry) of the shock. This led to optimistic estimates for the galactic cosmic-ray energy achievable in supernova remnant (SNR) shocks. The estimates imply that the accelerated particles, while making no strong impact on the shock structure (test-particle approach), ...

We used combined two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography to examine 37 infants and children with coarctation of the aorta and 19 normal subjects. The ages ranged from 1 day to 16 years. We compared the differences between the Doppler flow signal from the ascending aorta and the descending aorta below the coarctation in each patient, as well as the differences between the correspondi...

Suppose we are given a schedule of train movements over a rail network into which a new train is to be included. The origin and the destination are specified for the new train; it is required that a schedule (including the path) be determined for it so as to minimize the time taken without affecting the schedules for the old trains. In the standard formulations of this single train pathing prob...

Aiming at reducing the vibration of CNC machine tools and increasing manufacturing quality, an interpolation method for parametric tool pathes with confined jounce, jerk, acceleration, and speed is proposed. An acceleration/deceleration profile with confined jounce, jerk, acceleration, and speed is proposed and it is proved that this profile is time-optimal to change the speed from one value to...

Industrial robots are predominately used in point-to-point applications such as machine loading and unloading and spot welding. A smooth and time-optimal trajectory of robot is essential for precise handling applications. Lot of jerk-limited motion profiles are proposed in the literature and are classified under two approaches. In the first approach, the motion profiles are generated using pred...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of alterations in preload induced by lower body negative pressure on Doppler transmitral filling patterns. Echocardiograms and Doppler recordings were performed in 18 normal young men (aged 23 to 32 years) during various levels of lower body negative pressure (0, -20 and -50 mm Hg). Lower body negative pressure induced a reduction in diasto...

Background: The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on doctors is a significant concern. Due to emergence multiple waves, longitudinal data vital ensure an adequate response. The primary aim was assess prevalence and degree distress trauma in Emergency Medicine (EM), Anaesthetics Intensive Care (ICM) doctors during acceleration, peak deceleration first wave. Personal professional fact...

We have developed a simulation model of particle acceleration in coronal shock waves. The model is based on a Monte Carlo method, where particles are traced in prescribed large-scale electromagnetic fields utilizing the guiding center approximation. The particles are scattered in the turbulence according to quasilinear theory, with the scattering amplitude directly proportional to the intensity...

Traffic accidents occur more frequently during deceleration than during acceleration. However, little is known about the relationship between brain activation and vehicle acceleration because it has been difficult to measure the brain activation of drivers while they drive. In this study, we measured brain activation during actual driving using vector-based functional near-infrared spectroscopy...