In vivo, the DNA is packed into chromatin and transcription is dependent upon activators that recruit other factors to reverse the repressive effects of chromatin. The response to activators requires additional factors referred to as coactivators. One such coactivator, mediator, is a multi-subunit complex capable of responding to different activators. It plays an key role in activation, bridgin...

We study a reaction-diffusion system with four morphogens which has been suggested in [23]. This system is a generalization of the Gray-Scott model [10, 11] and allows for multiple activators and multiple substrates. We construct single-spike solutions on the real line and establish their stability properties in terms of conditions of connection matrices which describe the interaction of the co...

The transcription apparatus (TA) is a huge molecular machine. It detects the time-varying concentrations of transcriptional activators and initiates mRNA transcripts at appropriate rates. Based on the general structural organizations of the TA, we propose how the TA dynamically orchestrates transcriptional responses. The activators rapidly cycle in and out of a clamp-like space temporarily form...

Several transcriptional activators, called "classical" because each bears a natural acidic activating region attached to a DNA binding domain, are proteolytically unstable in yeast, and it has been suggested that this instability is required for transcriptional activation. Here we test the generality of that proposal by examining a set of activators (called "nonclassical") that lack activating ...

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity varied in differentiation from hyphae to rhizomorph and croute in A. mellea. In undifferentiated hyphae there was not any PPO activity, while croute showed the highest activity. Electrophoresis in the presence of SDS allows the detection of intensive enzyme forms of PPO, and can also convert slower migrating enzyme forms to faster ones. Some fluorescent co...

Two plasminogen activators (1 and 2) were isolated from human seminal plasma by hiigh-speed centrifugation, Sephadex-gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The activators were shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide-disc -gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 and 4.5, and by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of activators 1 and 2 were estimated...

Two previously undescribed activators of prekallikrein have been purified from human plasma by alcohol frac tionation, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both were apparently homogeneous as judged by electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight. A monomer-dimer relationship between these two activators is suggested by the use of disc gel electr...

Details are given of the selection and standardization of reagents for use in a standard clot method for estimating plasminogen activators, anti-activators, and plasmin.

Eukaryotic transcription activation domains (ADs) are not well defined on the proteome scale. We systematicallly tested approximately 6000 yeast proteins for transcriptional activity using a yeast one-hybrid system and identified 451 transcriptional activators. We then determined their transcription activation strength using fusions to the Gal4 DNA-binding domain and a His3 reporter gene which ...

For the first time in the present study the effects of vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, vanillic acid, as well as the newly synthesized vanillin derivative, bis-vanillin, were investigated on the oxidation of dopamine hydrochloride by mushroom tyrosinase. Among them, vanillin and bis-vanillin act as activators, while vanillyl alcohol and vanillic acid exhibited inhibitory effects, the IC50 values be...